About which planet is closer to the Sun, people learned in the most ancient centuries. True, an incident happened: the Greeks mistook it for two planets, because they saw it twice a day from different sides of the Sun. When it was discovered that the planet was still one, they gave it the corresponding name - Mercury. This is the name of the Greek god of commerce, he is also smart, flying everywhere in his winged sandals.
Distinctive features
The Earth year lasts 365 days, and the Mercury one only 88. But there is also an interesting detail: Mercury flies around the Sun like the wind, and rotates slowly around the axis. Therefore, for him, Mercury, the time has passed two earthly years! Which planet is closer to the Sun, that receives the greatest love and warmth from it.
The surface of Mercury is quite hot: it will easily melt tin and lead without the aid of a furnace. He himself is like a stove. However, this is not constant. The temperature there fluctuates slightly: from +350 by day to -170 at night (Celsius). Naturally, there is no atmosphere, and its entire hardest surface is covered with craters. This is the smallest planet in our solar system, except for Pluto.
Origin
Astronomers believe that the universe occurred as a result of the Big Bang 17 billion years ago. The study of planets and even galaxies is impossible without considering the universe with all the cosmic influences on it. It is unlimited in time and space, its forms are infinitely diverse, matter is in constant development.
Everything existing in the Universe was formed from hydrogen and helium with insignificant inclusions of other elements. The earth on which we live is the planet of the solar system, which our galaxy has sheltered - the Milky Way. This is a gigantic star system, you can just look at the sky to make sure: what is there in the sky brighter than the Milky Way? These are billions and billions of stars, remote from Earth at unimaginable distances. The solar system is the most ordinary. The milky way encircles the entire sky, it is a gigantic stellar system consisting of almost 200 billion stars that form a rather complex figure in space - a thin disk with an obvious thickening in the center. And if you look at it from the side, it becomes like a spindle. At first, the galaxy was a slowly rotating gas cloud (ten times larger than the current ones). Under the influence of its own gravity, the cloud collapsed, so that centrifugal force and gas pressure could not resist this. So the first, most powerful stars were born, launched along the radial movement of gas toward the center, therefore the orbits extended by this process have the shape of an ellipse.
The solar system is a large and friendly family, the relationships of which were joined by forces of mutual attraction, in which there is a head, children, grandchildren, nephews and constantly visiting guests: the Sun, planets with satellites, asteroids, dust, gas and various small particles. There are only nine planets. Asteroids are several thousand. Smaller comets, but countless meteor bodies.
Earth and Jupiter Planets
We study large planets in two groups - earthly and Jupiterian. Mercury, Venus, Mars are closer to us. So there are four of us. The second group - giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto was not included in the classification; by its characteristics, it is closer to the satellites of giant planets. He is little. And then, which planet is closer to the Sun, is not Pluto? Why are the planets divided into groups? Because they are different in physical properties. You just have to look again at which planet is closer to the Sun. The difference between these planetary groups is that the earth formed in heat, and giant planets - on the cold edge. The terrestrial group of planets is tiny compared to the Jupiter planets, but they are denser and composed of silicate and iron. And giant planets do without a solid surface, and so live in a gas-liquid state. The atmosphere of the Jupiter planets is, it gradually compacts and passes into the liquid mantle. The atmosphere is unusually beautiful. But you can’t breathe in it, and you won’t even walk on the surface.