The question of the development of cognitive activity of preschoolers and primary schoolchildren was raised by educators and educators already in the late 70s of the 20th century. The problem was due to the fact that children came to school who did not perceive the world around them as a whole. First graders could not connect several academic disciplines to find the answer to the question posed by the teacher. Teachers began an active search for ways to eliminate such a problem, it was from this moment that integrated classes appeared in Kindergarten.
An integrated approach in the education of preschool children
At present, the topic of applying an integrated approach to preschool education is again being raised. The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation adopted official decrees, according to which integrated classes on the Federal State Educational Standard should be held in all kindergartens.
Relevance of the approach
The relevance of such mixed classes lies in the fact that differentiation of the skills of teachers in approaches to creating the ideal model of preschool educational and educational process is realized. Any integrated lesson in the senior group of the kindergarten is aimed at preparing the kids for school life, the formation of a diverse personality of the child.
On combining the content of preschool education
The synthesis of different sciences contributes to the selection, uniform distribution of educational material, the search for related educational areas, the selection of the most important aspects. The curriculum vitae of an integrated lesson in federal state education involves an interdisciplinary exchange of knowledge and skills, includes mandatory reflection. At the end of each lesson, the teacher receives feedback, so that he analyzes the degree to which students learn the material, determines those points that need to be reassembled.
Any integrated lesson in the senior group of a preschool institution is conducted according to a synopsis, which must meet all the requirements of the Federal educational standards. In addition to setting a triune goal - educational, educational, developing - in the synopsis all the skills and abilities that a child should master during the lesson are prescribed. It also indicates the planned results: training, education.
Aspects of Preschool Combined Education
In their works, G.F. Hegel, I. Ya. Lerner note the relevance of combining several industries in the education of preschool children. An open integrated lesson in kindergarten implies a demonstration to those present of the complex skills acquired by the pupils. During such classes, the child forms a creative sociocultural experience, he learns to transfer the information received in the lesson to different life situations.
This approach is necessary for the development of the emotional-value attitude of the child to surrounding people, wildlife.
Any integrated lesson in the preparatory group is necessary for the harmonious development of the child’s personality.
What are the main aspects of preschool education?
The knowledge gained during the lesson helps to format the scientific worldview of preschoolers . An integrated lesson in the preparatory group helps to find your own solution, teaches the child to "be responsible" for his actions. Children perceive themselves as active participants in such classes, learn to work in groups.
Activities
Sections of the program that is approved in each DOE are aimed at the development of cognitive activity of children. As one of the manifestations of the basic component of preschool education, we note the presence in all educational fields of the following aspects:
Practical significance. It is such sections that play an accumulating role in the formation of cognitive interest.
Use of information technology. The technology of integrated classes involves the use of multimedia presentations, video clips.
To create a close relationship and effective convergence of different areas, educators try to identify several priority areas in the programs.
An integrated lesson in the younger group of remote control is possible in the following areas:
The development of speech skills. This skill will be required for preschool children in their future life. Such an integrated lesson in the younger group is aimed at systematizing and expanding the vocabulary of students. As a result, preschoolers have a competent and structured speech.
The technology of integrated classes allows you to familiarize preschoolers with the world around them, systematize and deepen their knowledge of natural phenomena, and develop cognitive motivation. The lesson helps to generate interest in a variety of phenomena, processes. Such an integrated lesson in the preparatory group involves the use of elements: experiment, modeling, observation, analysis, discussion, reading. Such productive activities are aimed at the formation of the speech culture of future students.
Preparing for knowledge. An integrated lesson in the preparatory group allows you to prepare preschoolers for learning: to develop verbal hearing, to form sound synthesis and analysis, to develop sensory language communication, to introduce children to the meaning of words. In the classroom, the child learns to make complete sentences.
During role-playing games, which may include an integrated lesson in mathematics, productive activities are carried out, the guys realize their impressions, knowledge, and emotional state. Staging a trip to the store helps kids demonstrate their communication skills. Joint creative activity develops not only mathematical skills, but also speech, attention, memory.
Musical education
Preschool children have access to musical combined education. It is while listening to music, discussing the melodies heard, the teacher teaches the children to create mental images. If an integrated lesson in mathematics involves the formation of logic, then lessons in music fully contribute to the development of creative thinking, the ability to correlate expressive images with literary descriptions. Such types of art as graphics, painting, sculpture, help the educator to introduce children to the world of beauty. When learning songs, the vocabulary of preschoolers is replenished. During the classes, children get acquainted with works of art, learn to distinguish ballet from opera, painting from sculpture. Numerous legends and myths, which are rich in music, act as a kind of core, uniting all kinds of contemporary art around them.
In music lessons, memory, observation, children's attention develop, the connection of music with outdoor games, allows you to increase coordination of movements. Role-playing games used in classes in preschool institutions help to develop in children a vision of the world through sounds, colors, and vivid musical images. Drawing and sculpting contribute to the development of fine motor skills of hands; in its absence, it will be difficult for kids to learn how to write beautifully.
Integration options
According to the results of studies conducted at the preschool educational institution, the best result is the combination of mathematics and music, drawing and development of speech, reading works of fiction and exploring the world around us.
Features of the combined lesson in kindergarten
The methodological literature used in the DOE involves a certain construction of combined exercises. As an object in such a lesson, multidimensional objects are chosen, which are considered from the point of view of various sciences. The structure of the lesson uses a combination of spiral, concentric, linear models. This combination allows you to make changes to the content of the program, adjust the teaching hours.
Introduction This part of the lesson involves the creation of a specific problem situation that will stimulate preschoolers to find ways to solve it. For example, the teacher asks the children about the possibility of life on earth without oxygen and water. The final result of the whole lesson depends on how clearly the goals are set.
Main part. Children receive new skills, knowledge, skills, without which it is impossible to solve the task set by the mentor. This section involves the use of visual material, presentations, fragments, collections. During this stage, the guys enrich their vocabulary, learn to answer questions, ask them.
Final part. In order for children to have the opportunity to put their knowledge into practice, practical work is necessarily used at every lesson in kindergarten. The actualization of acquired knowledge is carried out with the help of modeling, drawing, didactic games.
Combined lessons allow preschoolers to give a vivid and broad picture of the world around them. Similar classes are needed to create a relationship between objects and phenomena. Only during such events does mutual assistance and awareness of the versatility of artistic and material culture develop in children. The main focus of preschool education is not on the assimilation of specific knowledge, but on the development of creative thinking of preschoolers
The importance of classes
Integration also requires the development of a person’s creative activity, which makes it possible to combine several branches of knowledge during classes. Among the distinguishing features of any integrated class in kindergarten, experts note a synthesis of practical and theoretical content. The lesson is built not only on the internal, but also on the external integration of objects. To do this, the same studied object is considered from several positions at once, a general conclusion is made about the properties, characteristics, and application of the studied object.
Methodology for preparing for the lesson
Prior to the start of work on integrated learning in remote control, the following activities are carried out:
a field of knowledge is defined where integration will be rationally used;
content is selected taking into account the age characteristics of children;
tasks and goals are thought out;
- options for practical activities are determined.
Conclusion
It is mixed classes in different groups of preschool educational institutions - an effective means of forming the personality of the child and teacher. Such events help educators to constantly improve their professional competence. Contribute to the reduction of static load, as they suggest a combination of various options for activity. They allow you to use during the lesson not only an office or a hall, but also the entire territory of the kindergarten, because in such classes outdoor role-playing and subject games are always included. Children attending kindergarten are happy to complete the tasks offered by tutors during various integrated classes.