In the world there are various types of motion as a way of moving bodies from one point in space to another. The reactive movement in nature and technology that occurs when a part of it is separated from the body at any speed is certainly less common, but still takes its rightful place. And in technology, jet propulsion scientists directly “spied” on wildlife. And used quite successfully in their inventions. Our material will tell about this and many other things, no less interesting.
Reactivity in animals
For example, swimming in the sea wave, many people often came face to face with representatives of the aquatic fauna - jellyfish. But few people thought that these animals use a reactive type for movement. Also, marine plankton and the larvae of some species of insects move using reactivity. And, by the way, in technology the jet movement, or rather its efficiency, is sometimes much lower than that of these creations of nature.
Many mollusks also use it. And scallops move, for example, due to the reactivity of the jet of water released from the shell of the animal during compression of the valves. The squid still has a mini-jet engine, skillfully designed by nature. Due to this, there is a sharp movement of it in the aquatic environment, and sometimes this marine inhabitant even takes off into the air!
Jet movement in technology. Examples
This method finds great application in the modern era. It should be noted that in technology, reactive motion largely copies natural reactivity. Even in antiquity in China (the first millennium AD), bamboo pipes stuffed with gunpowder were invented, which were used mainly for fun. They were based on the reactive principle. And Newton at one time came up with not only the eponymous law of universal gravitation, but also the prototype of a car that was equipped with a jet engine.
For human flights
People realized that in technology jet propulsion can be used for flights. The first author of such a project is considered to be Narodovolets Kibalchich, who literally a few days before his death (he was sentenced to death as a participant in the assassination attempt on the king) developed and recorded scientific data. Tsiolkovsky developed the ideas of Kibalchich, developed a mathematical equation important for astronautics, which makes it possible to use the principle of reactivity. It was he who described in his works the principles of operation of reactive units in liquid form of fuel.
Jet engine
In its design, it converts chemical fuel energy into kinetic - already a gas jet. In this case, the reverse speed is acquired. Tsiolkovsky's ideas were developed by Korolev, and the launch of the first satellite using jet propulsion was carried out in 1957 in the USSR. And the first person to overcome gravity through jet propulsion was the Soviet pilot Gagarin in 1961. He circled the planet on the Vostok spaceship.
Rocket device
In simple terms, a modern launch vehicle consists of a shell and fuel (plus an oxidizing agent). The shell contains a payload - a space capsule, which is launched into the Earth’s orbit. There are also control devices and an engine. The rest of the useful area of the rocket is occupied by fuel and an oxidizing agent designed to support the combustion process (there is no oxygen in space).
In the combustion chamber, fuel is converted to gas under high pressure and very high temperatures. Due to the pressure difference overboard the spacecraft and in the combustion chambers, the gas rushes out, due to which the rocket moves.