Bronchial asthma is a serious disease that requires proper treatment. Today, complex techniques are used that can defeat the ailment. However, a special place in this process is given to physiotherapy. It includes various techniques. Features of physiotherapy for asthma in a hospital, as well as indications and contraindications for this procedure will be discussed later.
Features of the disease
Physiotherapy for bronchial asthma in a hospital is carried out using different methods. These procedures have proven effective. Bronchial asthma is manifested by bronchial hyperreactivity. This condition occurs when an allergen or certain toxins enter the body. As a result, an attack develops. It can be provoked by pollen, mold, wool or dust, some food, cosmetics or chemicals. Also, the use of certain drugs, harmful factors of production, smoking (active and passive), and also infections leads to similar consequences.
The likelihood of developing an attack is higher in an environmentally unfavorable environment. It is also influenced by heredity and psychosocial factors. As a result, a spasm appears in the bronchi, swelling of the mucous surfaces. Clearance through which air enters the lungs, while narrowing.
The disease develops gradually. It is manifested by a number of symptoms. Upon contact with a human allergen, an attack occurs. This happens periodically, from time to time. In this case, shortness of breath occurs, breathing becomes noisy, wheezing. Exhaling air becomes difficult. A feeling of stuffiness in the chest appears. The attack ends with a cough and a clear viscous sputum.
If no treatment has been undertaken, the disease is exacerbated. Attacks occur more often. Inflammation develops in the bronchi. Moreover, seizures can occur without contact with the allergen. They can provoke, for example, just a pungent smell or cold. Also, the cause of the attack is the load (physical, emotional), smoke from cigarettes. Against the background of viral, colds, it is also possible that these symptoms often appear.
Indications
Physiotherapy for asthma in children and adults gives good results. It is used in combination with other techniques. Physiotherapy has a special effect on the internal organs, stimulates their proper functioning. This allows you to increase blood circulation, strengthen muscles and coordinate movements correctly.
Physiotherapy is carried out for patients with varying severity of the disease. In this case, the age of the patient does not play a role, the type of his disease. Physiotherapy for bronchial asthma in adults in a hospital is carried out under the supervision of doctors. If the disease is mild, the procedures are carried out at home, as well as when visiting the hospital. In the process of physiotherapy, special equipment is used.
Exercises, strength of influences and other aspects are prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the type and characteristics of the course of the disease, as well as the characteristics of the patient's body. The more advanced the stage of the disease, the worse the drainage function of the bronchi becomes. Chest mobility is reduced. Physiotherapy helps to normalize the process of ventilation. As a result, gas exchange becomes correct.
The main tasks of physiotherapy are to restore the functionality of the respiratory system, normalize metabolic processes in them. Also, special techniques and techniques increase the stamina of the body, strengthen it. With significant mucus production during a spasm, the drainage function of the bronchi improves. They quickly remove sputum, which significantly reduces the time of the attack and its negative consequences. Physiotherapy can improve the quality of life of the patient.
Contraindications
There are certain contraindications for physiotherapy in bronchial asthma. Almost all varieties of the manifestation of the disease can be an indication for this process. However, not all patients are allowed to prescribe these procedures. The positive effect of this procedure cannot be doubted, but such effects can provoke negative processes in the presence of pathological poison.
Physiotherapy is not prescribed to patients during a period of serious exacerbation of the disease, when a person's condition is characterized as severe. At this time, with inpatient treatment, only specific methods are used that are aimed at suppressing negative phenomena and processes in the body.
If there is a possibility of internal bleeding, procedures of this type are also contraindicated. Also, they are not carried out in the presence of cancer in the body. A malignant tumor in the respiratory tract is a direct contraindication to physiotherapeutic effects. Otherwise, the patient's condition can significantly deteriorate.
Do not prescribe physiotherapy with the appearance of severe pain. You will need to establish its cause. Also, with general malaise, weakness, and also at elevated body temperature, such effects are prohibited. Otherwise, physical activity, various effects can lead to complications. A set of procedures is selected individually. Before the impact on the body, the general condition of the patient is determined.
Barotherapy
There are many methods of physiotherapy for bronchial asthma. Each methodology will be discussed in detail below. When the patient is in hospital treatment (with severe and moderate asthma), he is prescribed a set of procedures in accordance with his well-being and the characteristics of the course of the disease. When the disease is in an acute stage, such activities are contraindicated. Only during a period of improvement, when the patient's well-being improves, such effects are prescribed.
One of the popular methods of physiotherapy is barotherapy. It is characterized by the effects of high and low pressure on the human body. For this patient is placed in a special chamber. It closes tightly. A pump system is connected to the chamber. They create high and low pressure inside the capsule.
Today, medical institutions install single cells or installations designed for several people. The effect of pressure on the body is different. This approach significantly improves the patient's condition. Barotherapy is carried out in combination with drug treatment.
When you create a low pressure capsule in the tissues, the process of supplying them with oxygen improves. This process is also determined in the mucous membranes. This activates the metabolic processes in the bronchi. This effect improves the healing process in the presence of an inflammatory process, and also promotes tissue regeneration. With increased pressure, gaseous toxins are displaced from the blood. This allows you to restore respiratory function, reduce the negative manifestations of the disease. This method of physiotherapy for bronchial asthma during the period of exacerbation is not used.
Phonophoresis, electrophoresis
Physiotherapy for bronchial asthma in adults and children involves the use of similar techniques. The intensity and duration of exposure may be different. One of the effective methods of treating this ailment is electrophoresis. It improves the drainage function of the bronchi. During the procedure, bronchodilator drugs are used. Electrophoresis acts on the area between the shoulder blades of the patient.
Phonophoresis differs in a similar action. In this case, the body is affected by ultrasound. It is directed along the spine, as well as between the fifth and seventh ribs. Hydrocortisone is applied to the chest. Medications better affect the body during physiotherapy with bronchial asthma. The dose of the drug is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the body and the stage of the disease.
Magnetotherapy may also be prescribed. This procedure increases the patency of the bronchi. The breathing is normalized. This greatly improves the well-being of the patient.
In some cases, the doctor prescribes the patient an endonasal type of electrophoresis. An effective procedure is also electric sleep. If the patient is diagnosed with pain, he is prescribed electroanalgesia.
Particular attention during the above procedures is given to the remission process. At this time, preventive physiotherapeutic effects are carried out. This reduces the risk of having seizures again. A doctor can prescribe a procedure using ultraviolet radiation in a set of procedures. This stimulates the body's immune responses, increasing its resistance to adverse factors.
Water treatments
Effective methods of physiotherapy for bronchial asthma in children and adults also involve the use of water procedures. They are carried out between attacks. These are simple manipulations that give a good, stable result.
One effective technique is rubbing with a damp towel in the morning. Terry cloth first easily rub the body. Further, their intensity increases. At the beginning of the application of this technique, warm water is used. Then, when the body gets used to this effect, the temperature is gradually, gradually reduced. This activates additional vessels that are in the subcutaneous layers. It improves tissue nutrition. The procedure has a positive effect on the nervous system. It helps strengthen immunity.
Physiotherapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma gives a high result. A simple but effective technique is foot baths. Water temperature should be high. It is necessary to prepare two containers. The first is to collect hot water. It will need to lower the feet. In the second tank, water is drawn a couple of degrees colder. Hands are lowered into this bath.
A similar procedure contributes to the expansion of blood vessels. As a result, allergens accumulated in the body are released into the blood. Then they rush to the limbs. After the procedure, an antihistamine is taken.
Gymnastics
Physiotherapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma involves the use of different methods. One of them is gymnastics. It is carried out at a time when the patient feels better, he feels quite normal. Before the gym you need to stretch.
Next, perform tilts in a standing position. Hands down along the torso. Inhale through the nose, and exhale through the mouth. Exhale air, folding lips with a tube. Take a short breath and exhale 3 times longer.
The second exercise is done while standing. Hands down along the torso. First, take a breath, and then bend the leg and pull the knee to yourself as close as possible. At this time, exhale.
The third exercise requires you to sit on a chair. The back is straight. Hands are lowered along the body. Need to snuggle up to the back of the chair. Next, take a slow breath. On exhalation, the body is tilted to one side. All movements are performed alternately several times, but no more than 6 repetitions. It is important to control breathing, its rhythm, depth.
Exacerbation exercises
Physiotherapy for asthma is carried out during an exacerbation in a hospital, but only after the patient's condition becomes stable. To stop the attack in combination with drug treatment allows a number of physical exercises. They are carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
The patient lies on his back. I put a high pillow under my head. The air is inhaled by the mouth. The stomach is slightly inflated at this time. Exhale air also through the mouth. In this case, the stomach is pulled in.
Next, you need to sit on a chair, focusing on its back. When you inhale your hands raise up. The elbows are bent. Hands are laid on their shoulders. On exhalation, they are again lifted up and lowered along the body.
Sitting on a chair, arms are diverted in different directions. On exhalation, they lean forward, reaching with their hands to the floor. Exercises are repeated no more than 5 times. When signs of fatigue appear, gymnastics is stopped.
Gymnastics for children
Physiotherapy for bronchial asthma in children is mandatory in the complex of medical procedures. At this age, drugs are rarely prescribed. This is especially true for children under one year old. If the disease appeared at an early age, it can go away during puberty. To alleviate the condition of the baby, perform a number of simple procedures.
The baby's body is rubbed with a dry towel. Bed sheets are changed as often as possible. Exercise is aimed at strengthening the muscles. A contrast shower is also effective.
A set of procedures is developed by a doctor individually for each child. Physical activity combined with breathing exercises and massage. This helps to reduce the number of seizures.
Breathing exercises
Physiotherapy for bronchial asthma may involve breathing exercises. It is carried out in the morning or in the evening. First you need to stand at the open window for 10 minutes. It is necessary to correctly distribute inhalations and exhalations. They differ in duration. The breath is slow, deep. At the same time raise their shoulders. The exhale is quick. Shoulders drop sharply.
Then they take a deep breath, raising their hands above their heads. Palms squeeze. In this case, the exhalation will be longer. Hands gradually drop. The exhalation should be 2 times longer than the inhalation.
Having examined the main methods and features of physiotherapy for bronchial asthma, we can draw conclusions about the high effectiveness of such procedures. They are indicated for almost all patients with a similar ailment, if they have no contraindications.