To resolve the issue of extending the sick leave, making decisions on various complex clinical situations, and clarifying the degree of disability in medical institutions, an examination of temporary disability is carried out. The main principle of its implementation is to take into account the characteristics of patients' diseases and their working conditions in a specific professional field. The purpose of the examination is to establish the possibility of continuing work or, conversely, to prevent going to work. An examination of temporary disability conducted by doctors collegially at a special commission is a real opportunity to predict the dynamics of the disease and establish the correctness of the treatment.
In accordance with Art. 49 and 58 of the special document “Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the preservation of health” defined the rules by which the examination of temporary disability. The doctor at the reception or at home, upon detection of symptoms of the disease, confirming the patient's disability, issues a sick leave. The certificate of incapacity for work is the only document that certifies the inability of citizens to work and allows them to be temporarily relieved of work. By the way, the examination of temporary disability can be carried out only if there is a license document for this type of activity issued by the relevant authorities.
The procedure for issuing disability certificates:
1. Mandatory presentation of a passport (or other document confirming personal data). When a citizen combines several jobs at different employers, the doctor must issue the required number of sick leave for each place of work.
2. Closing and issuing of disability certificates takes place only in one medical institution. With continued treatment at another medical institution, the sick leave is extended and closed by the medical institution where the patient was referred for further observation.
3. The period of exemption from work may be determined directly by the attending physician. The day on which the patient is relieved of work (his date is indicated on the sick leave), becomes the day of mandatory attendance.
4. Upon release from work, a citizen must comply with the treatment regimen. Otherwise, the fact of violation of the treatment regimen is indicated on the sick leave.
5. A violation of the treatment regimen will be considered as a patient’s absence at the appointed day, an independent visit to a doctor in a medical institution with previously appointed bed rest, driving, a trip to continue treatment to the territory of another administrative region without the consent of the attending physician, alcohol intoxication.
There are other situations when a medical examination is prescribed. The types of examinations are regulated by the already mentioned normative act - legislation on the preservation of health. According to him, medical-social, military-medical, forensic psychiatric, forensic medical examinations are distinguished.
It is worth noting that the forensic medical examination is appointed on the basis of the decision of the investigator or judge and must be written in writing as a special task. This decision must be made available to the suspect and his defense counsel.
So, examination in the conditions of modern medical practice helps not only determine the effectiveness of treatment, but also helps to ensure the observance of citizens' rights when providing them with qualified medical care, taking into account the specifics of the disease.