The formation of UUD in the lessons in elementary school in children

Many educators, scientists, and methodologists believe that a key role in raising and educating a child belongs to primary school. It is in it that children master the skills of writing, reading. They learn to listen and hear, speak, count, empathize. As a priority, today we consider the formation and improvement of the child’s ability to independently formulate goals, model options for their achievement, evaluate and control their actions. In other words, the ability to learn develops. The implementation of this task becomes possible using the technology of UUD formation. Let us further consider how it is implemented in practice.

The functions of a set of universal actions

The formation of UUD in the lessons in elementary school allows you to:

1. To provide opportunities for children to set goals on their own, to search, choose and use methods to achieve them, evaluate and control the results and the process of their activities.
2. To create conditions for the harmonious development of the child’s personality, self-realization with readiness for lifelong education.
3. Ensure successful assimilation of material, improving skills, competencies, skills in various subject areas.

Value

The formation of UUD in the lessons in elementary school today is of particular importance. Universal actions are a set of behaviors of a child, providing his ability to independently acquire knowledge, including the organization of the process of perception and understanding of the material itself. The program of UUD formation generates motivation for education, allows children to navigate in different subject areas.

Classification

Universal actions are grouped into 4 large blocks:

1. The formation of personal UUD is aimed at awareness, study, perception of life values. Such actions allow you to navigate the moral and ethical rules and norms, to develop your own position in relation to the world, provide meaningful educational process.
2. The formation of regulatory UDD contributes to the development of the ability to manage cognitive activity. This task is realized in the process of setting goals, planning, control, adjusting their actions, as well as analyzing the success of assimilation.
3. The formation of communicative UUD is aimed at providing opportunities for cooperation. In particular, the ability to listen and hear, to understand the interlocutor develops. Children begin to fulfill collective tasks in a coordinated manner, distribute roles, mutually control and support each other.
4. The formation of cognitive UUD involves the development of the ability to research, search, select and structure the necessary information, and design the studied content.
   

Key indicators

The formation of students ’UUD should be linked to certain assessment criteria. Such indicators, in particular, include:

1. Health status.
2. Academic performance in key subjects.
3. The level of speech development.
4. The ability to listen and perceive the words of the teacher, ask him questions.
5. Degree of proficiency in the native language.
6. The desire to take a task and find a solution.
7. Communication skills.
8. The ability to control your behavior.

Taking into account these indicators, the methods of UUD formation are modeled.

Practical use

The formation of UUD in mathematics, for example, can be carried out using logical models and symbolic tools. Children are offered several tasks. They need to find a scheme that displays the logical connection between the known information and the sought. In this case, the children solve the educational task directly. In addition, they establish a logical model that determines the ratio of available data. The formation of UUD in mathematics is the most important stage on the path to the successful adoption of common methods for solving problems.

Russian language

There are various means of formation of UUD. In the Russian language classes, self-and mutual checks of texts are very effective. Children are offered texts that contain various errors (stylistic, punctuation, graphic, lexical, spelling). Together with students, verification rules are formulated that establish action algorithms. Moving sequentially from one operation to the next, almost all children without outside help begin to cope with the task. The key point here is speaking out the actions of each child. It ensures the fulfillment of all, without exception, links of control and understanding of the content of the action.

The formation of communicative UUD

Such universal actions allow ensuring social competence, the ability to listen and conduct dialogue, and targeting other children and adults. They facilitate participation in a collective discussion, integration into a group of peers, and building productive cooperation with peers. The formation of UUD in the lessons in elementary school should be carried out by creating conditions related to the implementation of interactions in the educational process. Classes in literary reading, the study of the world are held in the form of a pedagogical workshop. It is based on the work of children in groups. Pupils plan their activities together, distribute roles, functions, and correct errors. The formation of UUD at the lessons of the world is carried out in the form of a press conference. For example, one of the students acts as some kind of forest animal - a “guest”. He answers the questions that his students, “journalists,” ask:

• What's your name?
• What do you eat?
• Where do you live?

The formation of UUD in the lessons in elementary school should be carried out in an environment where each child can express his own opinion, knowing that he will be accepted.

Types of actions

By communicative UUD should include:

1. Planning cooperation with the teacher and peers - establishing the functions of the participants, goals, options for interaction.
2. Formulation of questions - initiative teamwork in the search and collection of information.
3. Conflict resolution - detection and identification of a problem, search and analysis of alternative options, adoption and implementation of a solution.
4. Partner action management - monitoring, correction, behavior assessment.
5. The ability to fully and accurately express thoughts in accordance with the conditions and tasks of interaction, the possession of dialogic and monological speech forms in accordance with the syntactic and grammatical norms of the language.

Individual actions

The formation of UUD in the school provides the development of the value-semantic orientation of children. Such actions develop the ability to correlate actions and phenomena with aesthetic norms accepted in society , recognize moral rules and highlight the moral side of behavior. Thanks to them, orientation in interpersonal relationships and social roles is provided. In the framework of educational activities, one can distinguish such universal actions:

1. Self-determination - professional, personal, life.
2. Moral and ethical orientation - moral assessment of the content being studied, providing a choice on the basis of social and individual values.
3. Meaning - the establishment of a connection between the educational goal and the motive, the result of training and the motivating factor. The child should ask about the importance of education for him and be able to find an answer to it.
   

Literary reading

The formation of UUD in elementary school occurs gradually. In the first stages it is quite difficult to create a team in the classroom. To instill moral standards, rules of moral behavior, to establish relationships it is necessary to carry out a lot of work. It includes various events. The formation of UUD in elementary school takes place as part of classroom hours, individual conversations, extracurricular activities, joint holidays. Moral and ethical development is greatly facilitated by literary reading. It represents a meaningful, creative activity that ensures the development of the ideological and moral essence of literary texts. Given the fact that each child will see and feel the work in his own way, the teacher should try to reveal his personality. Enough time should be given to the independent work of students - reading to ourselves. This will allow the child to reveal incomprehensible moments, to find plots close to him, to share his impressions.

Important condition

The formation of UUD, contributing to cognitive, general cultural development, is implemented during the integrated educational process, in meta-subject activity, as part of the study of the system of disciplines, the organization of forms of interaction in solving problems. But all these measures will be effective only in a favorable environment. Each child should feel the support and interest of the teacher.

Teacher Functions

The main goal of primary education is to provide assistance to the child in awakening all the makings inherent in him through the educational process. He must find himself and understand in order to ultimately want to eliminate the negative aspects and develop the positive. The key role in this activity is assigned to the teacher. Each teacher should be clearly aware of what he is striving for in the education and upbringing of children. The educational process sets the content and characteristics of the child’s activities, determines the scope of the immediate development of universal actions.

Teacher's work

To improve the ability to analyze and adequately evaluate their own actions, children, together with the teacher, develop an algorithm. At the same time, attention is focused on the developing value of tasks. The teacher does not compare students with each other, but compares today's child’s result with yesterday’s. The teacher attracts children to the process of discovering new knowledge. Together with the teacher, students discuss the essence of this or that assignment, its significance, how it can be useful in the future. The teacher pays special attention to self-examination of children. He shows them how to detect and correct a mistake. The teacher teaches children how to interact in groups. Together they seek a single solution, analyze conflicts, and find ways to resolve them.

Achievement Map

She acts as one of the effective methods of forming UUD. Each child creates his own card, which indicates his achievements in a particular area. For her, a special place on the stand can be assigned. It is presented, as a rule, in the form of a notebook in which all the achieved results are schematically reflected. The card can help children in:

1. Consciously choosing the material that is more suitable for solving problems.
2. Designation and understanding of their individual path of advancement in the development of discipline.
3. Planning further action.

Conclusion

The formation of UUD is carried out as part of the assimilation of various disciplines. This process is systemic, focused. It is implemented through various subject areas, extracurricular activities. All actions are specified by GEF. The formation of UUD in elementary school occurs in accordance with the scheme indicated in thematic planning. Standards determine the key points in the choice of content, planning and organization of the entire educational process. This takes into account the age and psychological characteristics of children. Ways to take into account the degree of formation of universal actions are present in the requirements for the development indicators of each discipline and in programs for extracurricular activities. The results achieved are determined for each particular class. They act as a guide when organizing achievement monitoring.