When a child becomes a first grader, he rises to a new stage in his development. First graders are already more independent, assiduous, able to concentrate on the necessary things.
Arriving at school, the kid finds himself in unusual conditions for him with strangers. And for the learning process to be easy and interesting, the child must adapt to the new school conditions and the team with which he will study.
Adaptation of a first grader in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard pays special attention to maintaining the health of students. According to the standard, in educational institutions a priority is highlighted - the preservation and strengthening of the health of students.
The duration of the school adaptation period
The length of the period of adaptation to school depends on the personal qualities of a particular child. On average, it lasts from 8 weeks to 6 months. Throughout the entire adaptation period, the support of loved ones is important so that the child does not lose faith in his strength.
The concept of "adaptation" includes social, psychological and physiological aspects.
The social aspect shows how comfortable the child feels in the team. Children attending kindergarten adapt more easily to the team, since it is in pre-school institutions that the first communication skills are acquired .
Psychological readiness consists of intellectual and motivational maturity. The motivation of the game should give way to motivation for study.
The physiological aspect shows the body's readiness for stress.
Stages of physiological adaptation
Adaptation of a child to school affects his physical condition. In the adaptation period, the body reacts to new conditions with varying degrees of tension of internal resources.
There are three stages of adaptation in total:
- The first 15-20 days of study, all body resources work to the maximum. This is due to a change in life mode and the acquisition of new responsibilities.
- After a heavy load, a slight decrease in tension occurs, the body begins to adapt to new conditions, tries to spare its resources.
- At the final stage, a stable adaptation occurs. The body determined the load and chose the least costly way to respond. There is a stabilization of the nervous system.
The entire physiological period of adaptation of first graders takes about 5-6 weeks. At this time, teachers and parents should not load the child again and give the body the opportunity to calmly go through the adaptation period.
Psychological readiness for school
When a child becomes a first grader, his level of anxiety from unusual and new duties increases. Psychological adaptation It is aimed at reducing anxiety and the baby's ability to adequately assess their actions.
GEF to improve the adaptation period proposes to carry out diagnostic and corrective stages.
In the process of the diagnostic phase, various conditions for the adaptation of first-graders are set, observations are made using special techniques that are aimed at identifying the emotional state in the school and the psychological state in the family of the child. An important role in the adaptation process is played by relationships in the family. If the family has a calm atmosphere, then it will be easier for the baby to adapt in a new environment.
If the student is hard given the passage of the adaptation period, then the correctional stage is carried out. Individually for each, a methodology is developed aimed at increasing motivation, increasing the child's interest in learning.
The period of 6-7 years is associated with emotional changes in the baby. If a child receives low marks, constantly hears criticism and dissatisfaction from parents, then the level of his self-esteem will drop significantly, which will be reflected in the presence of complexes and a low degree of adaptation.
Self-esteem - an important indicator in the adaptation of the child
In order for the child to quickly establish contact with other children, his self-esteem should be normal. Deviations of it up or down will negatively affect the educational process and relationships in the team.
Therefore, the task of the psychologist is to help children form an adequate self-esteem. Adaptation of a first grader in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard will be easier if at a primary school age the child forms an objective self-esteem. For this, students conduct various tasks that contribute to the formation of an adequate self-esteem.
To select tasks for controlling self-esteem, the first-graders adaptation technique will help. It is developed based on the Dembo-Rubinstein technique. The result shows the development of the student’s self-esteem in such areas as mood, emotional stability and the degree of adequacy.
Teamwork of teachers and parents
To quickly adapt the child to school, parents are also attracted. The school holds its first parent meeting.
Adaptation of first graders is the main issue that is being considered. They focus parents on the need for help and support to a first grader. Meetings are held not in the usual form, but in the form of special psychological and pedagogical seminars, which tell:
- How to help your child “enter” the educational process.
- How the day should be properly organized.
- How to learn to be collected and attentive.
- How to motivate the independence of homework.
Psychological adaptation requires an integrated approach: the joint work of the school team and parents will help children begin a new stage in their life.
Reasons for the maladaptation of first graders
Difficulties in adapting first graders are associated with the mismatch of psychophysiological and social functions to the requirements of the training system. The child does not want to attend an educational institution, he has no friends in the classroom, in this regard, protective functions decrease, frequent diseases appear.
There are three types of school maladjustment:
- Lack of mastery of the topic, fragmented assimilation of knowledge without a whole concept, which is expressed in chronic failure.
- Violation of the emotional attitude towards teachers, subjects, prospects related to school.
- Violation of behavior, indiscipline.
The causes of maladaptation of students can be:
- Lack of motivation for the educational process.
- Inability to behave independently, make decisions.
- Failure to adopt the necessary standards of behavior.
- Communication with adults causes difficulties, which leads to a lack of understanding of the information provided by the teacher.
- Low self-esteem, self- doubt.
- Unavailability of the physiological processes of the body.
Adaptation of a first-grader in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard will be easier if parents help him.
Recommendations for the adaptation of children in primary school
Teachers and psychologists draw up a study plan that will help children quickly and easily adapt to school. The program should be developed taking into account the results of diagnosis in the learning process.
In order for adaptation to be easy, you must:
- Introduce children to each other as quickly as possible.
- Show the positive sides of each student.
- Create a team with a friendly atmosphere.
- Teach children to help each other.
- To help students to fulfill themselves.
- In the first year, do not criticize students strongly, focus on positive qualities.
- Grades in the first grades are absent, however, a control system must be developed to stimulate learning.
Adaptation of a first grader in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out with the help of the institution by the class teacher of an individual portfolio, which reflects the main aspects of the child’s learning, as well as his spiritual and moral development and physical health.
Extracurricular activities are carried out, the purpose of which is to develop personal qualities, for example, in the field of patriotism based on family relationships.
Adaptation period passed
Adaptation was successful if:
- The child is happy to attend school.
- He takes an active part in the life of the class.
- There are no problems with mastering the school curriculum.
- Performs homework independently.
- Self-control over their behavior appears.
- A calm, adequate response to temporary setbacks.
- Communication with teachers and peers causes only positive emotions.
Parents should not forget to control the health status of the child under the influence of the workload. Positive health stability means the process of adapting to school is complete.
Conclusion
Becoming a child in school is an important stage in his life. In order for this stage to go smoothly and painlessly, parents should listen to the recommendations of psychologists and teachers on the issue of adaptation to school life. And remember that the adaptation period for each child is individual, but support, help and self-confidence will help the child easily overcome changes in his life and become a full-fledged schoolboy.