Each of us in childhood assembled a mosaic consisting of several tens, and maybe hundreds of puzzles. Like a game structure, a literary image consists of many interconnected parts. And only the vigilant gaze of the reader is able to notice these microstructures. Before delving into literary criticism, you need to understand what an artistic detail is.
Definition
Few people thought that literature is the art of the real word. This implies the close connection of linguistics and literary criticism. When a person reads or listens to a poem, he presents a picture. It becomes reliable only when he hears certain subtleties, thanks to which he can present the information received.
And we turn to the question: what is an artistic detail? This is an important and significant tool for building images; this is a detail that carries a huge ideological, emotional and semantic load.
Masterfully these elements were not used by all writers. In their work, they were actively used by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and other word artists.
Part classification
What artistic details do you know? Difficult to answer? Then we carefully study the question further. There are several classifications of this element.
We will consider the option proposed by the Russian literary critic and philologist - Yesin Andrey Borisovich. In his book Literary Work, he defined a successful typology in which he distinguished three large groups of details:
- psychological;
- descriptive;
- storyline.
But literary scholars distinguish several more types:
- landscape;
- verbal;
- portrait.
For example, in Gogol’s novel “Taras Bulba” the plot details dominated, in “Dead Souls” - descriptive ones. While in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, the emphasis is on the psychological factor. However, it is worth remembering that the named types of parts within the framework of a single work of art can be combined.
Feature Details
Literary scholars distinguish several functions of this tool:
1. Excretory. It is necessary in order to single out any event, image or phenomenon from similar ones.
2. Psychological. In this case, the detail, as a means of psychological portraiture, helps to reveal the inner world of the character.
3. Factographic. The tool characterizes a fact from the world of reality of heroes.
4. Naturalistic. The detail clearly, objectively and accurately conveys the subject or any phenomenon.
5. The symbolic. The element is endowed with the role of a symbol, that is, it becomes a multi-valued and artistic image that has an allegorical meaning, based on the similarities of phenomena from life.
Artistic detail and its role in creating the image
In the poem, such expressive details very often fulfill the function of the reference point of the image, pushing our imagination, prompting to complement the lyrical situation.
The artistic image often has one bright individual detail. As a rule, the development of lyrical thought begins with it. Other elements of the image, including expression, are forced to adapt to this tool. It happens that an artistic detail resembles an external touch of an image, but it carries a surprise that refreshes the perception of the reader’s world.
This tool enters our consciousness and sense of life in such a way that a person no longer thinks of poetic discoveries without it. A lot of details are present in the lyrics of Tyutchev. When reading his poems in front of our eyes opens a picture of green fields, blooming and fragrant roses ...
Creativity of N.V. Gogol
In the history of Russian literature there are such writers whom nature has endowed with particular attention to life and things, in other words, to the surrounding human existence. Among them, Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, who managed to anticipate the problem of the reification of man, where he is not the creator of things, but their mindless consumer. In his work, Gogol skillfully portrayed an object or thing detail that replaces the soul of a character without a trace.
This element performs the function of a mirror that reflects the character. Thus, we see that the details in Gogol’s work are the most important tool for depicting not only a person, but also the world in which the hero lives. They leave little space for the characters themselves, which is why it seems that there is no room for life at all. But for his heroes this is not a problem, because the everyday world for them is in the foreground, in contrast to being.
Conclusion
The role of an artistic detail cannot be overestimated; without it, it is impossible to create a full-fledged work. A poet, writer, or composer uses this instrument in their own creations in their own way. For example, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky with the help of details depicts not only the images of heroes or St. Petersburg, but also reveals the unlimited philosophical and psychological depths of his novels.
Skillfully and masterfully applied such expressive details not only Gogol and Chekhov, but also Goncharov, Turgenev and other writers.
The word artists used detail extensively in their works. After all, its significance is enormous. Without this tool, it would be unrealistic to clearly and capaciously give an individual characterization of a character. The author’s attitude to the hero can also be determined using this tool. But and, of course, the depicted world is created and characterized also with the help of detail.