In the verbs of the Russian language there are morphological inconstant and constant some signs. One of them includes reflexive and irretrievable types of verbs. Irrevocable verbs, as well as reflexive ones, carry the presence or absence of special reflexive derivational word-forming postfixes -s and -s. Let's try to figure out what it is and how such verbs are used.
Verb Reflexivity
The returnability of verbs is a grammatical category that will indicate the direction or directionality of a particular state defined by this verb, or the action on a subject. Reflexive and irrevocable verbs in the Russian language are conjugated forms that differ in the presence or absence of postfixes -s and -s (reflexive).
What constitutes reflexiveness in verbs can be seen in the following examples: The boy washed and gathered. The man talked with a friend (these are examples of reflexive verbs).
The puppy played with the ball and ran to the site. In the evening there was a downpour (this is an irrevocable form of a verb). And so it is necessary to distinguish between them.
A couple of useful words
Once again, we briefly recall that understanding how to define an irrevocable verb is not particularly difficult. It can be transient and intransitive, it can mean a certain action that is directed at the subject (to assemble a puzzle, read a book), a state, a certain position in space, an action in different directions, and the like (dreaming, sitting, thinking). Irrevocable verbs do not include the postfix -s and -s.
Shades of meaning
Reflexive verbs are able to express an action that will be directed to a specific subject (doing something, speaking, watching, and so on).
Returnable and irrevocable verbs in the Russian language it seems possible to discuss endlessly. Here are examples of reflexive verbs with completely different shades of meaning:
- rejoice, upset, saddened (denotes the mental or physical state of a certain subject);
- the dress wrinkles, the dog bites, the nettle branch burns (shows a constant quality or property of the subject);
- Dress, eat, shoe, swim (the action of the verbs is directed exclusively at themselves);
- you want, want, get dark (impersonal action is shown here);
- hug, quarrel, see each other (the action is reciprocal, performed by several people in relation to each other);
- tidy up, build, get hold of (indirectly returning action, which is performed by the subject solely in his interests).
Unforgettable suffixes for reflexive verbs
We will understand what a reflexive and irrevocable verb means.
Verbs in the reflexive form have suffixes:
- sya - it can be, both after consonants (to take, surround oneself and the like), and after endings (to learn - to learn, to dry - to dry, and the like));
- smiling will stand after the vowels (dropped, drew, spread, and so on).
In the process of formation of reflexive verbs, not only suffixes are important, but also prefixes (read - read, drink - get drunk). In addition, among the verbs of this kind there are non-derivatives. They are under no circumstances used without the suffixes -s and -s (laugh, fight, like).
Since after reflexive verbs the pronouns in the accusative case and nouns are never used, all of them are intransitive.
Lack of suffixes
Irrevocable verbs in the Russian language do not have the suffixes -s and -s. They can be both intransitive (create, breathe, play), and transient (speak, draw).
An important point: many reflexive verbs are able to form from irrevocable ones, for example, to cook - to prepare.
Based on the foregoing, one must understand that in order to determine what the reflexive and irrevocable verb means and what kind of verb it refers to, it is necessary to find a suffix that assisted in education. If the suffixes s are present in words, then these are reflexive verbs. If they are not, then irrevocable verbs.
Situations noted in verbs
So, we already know that reflexive verbs with suffixes -s and -s. They are both non-derivative (for example, laugh), and formed from transitive and intransitive verbs (wash - wash).
In some intransitive and reflexive verbs formed from them, we are talking about the same situation, for example: something blackens in the distance and something blackens in the distance. True, in the vast majority of situations it is possible to understand what an irrevocable verb means and what it looks like “in life”, paying attention to the fact that the verbs return and irrevocable denote completely different points.
In the form of a good example, the following can be called: washing - a situation in which there are two participants (mother washing her daughter) and washing - a situation in which only one participant (girl is washing); Petya hit Vanya. Petya and Vanya hit a large stone (in both cases, two boys are mentioned, but the situations in which they are direct participants are completely different).
Here we can say that the components of meaning themselves, which are introduced into the word by the postfixes -s and -s, are word-forming.
What can be found in grammar?
And the following information is noted there (we are talking about several values):
- the average return value is to have fun, get angry, scared, rejoice;
- the value is active-biased - to bite, butt, swear (use obscene words) ;
- the value is reciprocal - to quarrel, put up, meet, hug, kiss;
- the proper return value - to dress, to shoe, to meet, to powder;
- passive-return value - to be remembered, to be remembered;
- the value is indirectly returnable - to be collected, stocked, stacked, packaged;
- passive-qualitative meaning - to introduce oneself, to be remembered.
The reflexive verb can be formed by taking help -sya, which will be combined with other morphemes (wink, run up).
It is with the pledge that the reflexibility will be associated (that is, in the case in which the pledge is defined at the morpheme level, the reflexive verbs formed from the transitive verbs will be combined into the pledge, which is called the reciprocal-average).
The sign of intransigence is an affix. A few and non-standard combinations will be like I'm afraid dad, I obey my older brother, which can be found in Russian.
No rules - nowhere
Let us return to what the irrevocable verb is. The rule says that it is a verb that does not have a postfix. But in the return, this postfix is present. It so happened a long time ago that the appearance of reflexive verbs was associated with the pronoun -sya. True, initially it was attached exclusively to transitional verbs (for example, bathe + xia (that is, yourself) = bathe).
The variety of verbs of the Russian language is divided into different groups.
Irrevocable verbs, from which the formation of reflexive ones occurs - to build + sy; meet + write - cannot be written; sleep - cannot sleep.
Irreversible verbs - supper, answer.
Reflexive verbs - laugh, fight, articulate.
From the information provided, we can conclude: postfix -sya in Russian can perform different functions:
- prepare reflexive verbs that differ from generating irrevocable verbs with meaning in the lexical plan (forgive - say goodbye);
- form the return form of verbs (whiten).
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that some verbs on-th have a synonymous return combination (to cover - to cover oneself).
The division of verbs into reflexive and irretrievable has developed in the Russian language completely irrespective of their division into transitive and intransitive, collateral and unlawful. It does not coincide with either one hundred percent, but it is in a certain connection with the categories of transitiveness and pledge: -sya is the intransigence of the verb, but only the reflexive form can provide collateral correlation.
In conclusion
Let's talk a little more about verbs and summarize a productive conversation.
Verbs are words in which the meaning of a process is defined, that is, capable of expressing the signs indicated by them as an action (say, read, write), state (sit, jump) or formation (grow old).
In addition to conjugation forms by syntax, verbs possess non-syntactic forms of recurrence and irreversibility and a form of form. By the way that non-syntactic formal meanings are expressed with their help, verbs can be divided into grammatical categories, which are in a certain ratio to each other.
The dependence of the division of verbs into irrevocable and reflexive is in how pronounced or, conversely, their grammatically intransitive meaning of the process is not expressed.
Reflexive - verbs in which grammatically pronounced intransigence is present. In other words, they perfectly show that the process expressed by them can be turned to a direct object, which is represented by a noun in the accusative case without an excuse. An example is the words - get angry, meet, wash, knock, dress.
Irrevocable verbs have some difference: they have no indication of the intransigence of the process. That's why they can be transitional: dress (daughter), angry (parents), meet (guests), and intransitive: clatter, knock.