Diagnosis of diseases in children, especially very small ones, as a rule, is very difficult. The child is often not able to explain that he has pain and what unpleasant sensations cause certain actions of the doctor.
In this regard, the diagnosis is mainly made on the basis of their external signs: condition of the skin, temperature, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. However, many diseases externally manifest quite similarly. Diagnostics comes to the aid of doctors with the help of tests, and the most popular among them is a urine test.
When is this study necessary?
Its popularity is due to the fact that urine collection is quite simple and does not cause particular difficulties for the child, while a clinical blood test requires a sampling with a syringe, which children are especially afraid of. At present, special containers have appeared on sale, which make it possible to collect material without problems even from infants. At the same time, urine analysis indicators make it possible to judge not only about inflammatory processes in the body, but also to identify hereditary diseases. It is planned to carry out this study monthly, six months and a year. Next - once every six months. Unscheduled, it is carried out as prescribed by a doctor for the purpose of diagnosis in case of suspected infections of the genitourinary system, other infections, with prolonged fever. In the case of prescribing antibiotics to the child, it is possible to deliver the material several times over two to three days, in order to detect the body's reaction to drugs and their effect.
in children - appearance
What is carried out first of all? Assessment of physical properties is the first stage of such a study as urinalysis. Norm in children: straw yellow in babies and more amber in older children. Intense staining may indicate the presence of pyelonephritis. Urine count is also an important indicator.
For newborns, the norm is a volume of 5-10 milliliters, for children of seven years - 150-200 ml. A smaller amount may be due to kidney failure, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Analysis of urine. Norm in children - indicators and decoding
The following is evaluated:
- erythrocytes - no more than 3 cells in boys, 5 in girls;
- leukocytes - not more than 7 cells in the field of vision in girls, 5 in boys;
- epithelium - no more than 2 cells.
If the urine contains an increased number of white blood cells, then this indicates inflammation of the kidneys or urinary tract. As a rule, it is accompanied by
frequent urination, fever. Protein should not be present, however, small inclusions of up to 0.033 grams / liter are quite acceptable. A chemical reaction is another indicator that determines the analysis of urine. The norm in children is an acidic environment. Alkaline reaction is a consequence of inflammatory processes. Increased acidity is observed in diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis of the bladder or kidney.
However, it is worth noting that the decryption of the urinalysis should be entrusted to the doctor. It is not necessary to self-medicate a child, having on hand a transcript of his results, since one or another deviation from the norm must be considered exclusively in conjunction with other signs, according to the results of which the doctor diagnoses a particular disease.