Questions of transitive verbs are not clear to many. The subject "Transitive verb" is one of the most difficult in the school curriculum. There is not enough time allotted to study, and therefore the complete picture does not add up in the definition of transitive and intransitive verbs. Children often simply do not know how to define this category. In our article, we will examine in more detail the transitiveness and intransitiveness of verbs.
So, the category of verbs capable of expressing the relationship between the subject performing the action and the object taking this action indicates the transitivity of the verb. The essence of everything is as follows: it is necessary to determine whether this action passes to the object or does not pass. Hence the direct names: transitive intransitive verbs.
Actually, transitive verbs are an action that goes over to an object. They are always combined with nouns in the accusative case and in other words, such verbs control the accusative case. Under certain conditions, instead of the accusative case, it can be genitive. This happens if there is a complete denial of the action (did not learn a lesson, did not bring bread) or the action is not applicable completely, but partially (drank tea, brought bread). Summarizing the above, we conclude: the transitiveness of the verb is when it:
a) it is combined with a pronoun or a noun in the accusative case, and there is no excuse (buy a ticket, have a sandwich, watch this (movie), and so on);
b) combined with the pronoun or noun in the genitive case.
It should be noted that the main condition for the verb to be transitive is the presence of a noun denoting an object and standing in the accusative case without an excuse, or under specific conditions in the genitive case. Otherwise, the verb will be intransitive. For example, I ran an hour. The verb ran is not transitive, because the noun hour is not an object of action. Or live a week. All the same, the verb is intransitive, since the noun cannot experience the indicated action.
One of the grammatical features of the category of transition is indicated by the presence of personal forms of the passive voice (I read the newspaper, this is not studied in the school curriculum) and the presence of the participial forms of the passive voice (newspaper read by mom).
Now about intransitive verbs. This is a designation of an action that does not go over to a specific object, but only affects it. At the same time intransitive verbs have no direct complement. In other words, they do not manage the above cases and do not have the form of a passive voice (sail turns white, swim in the sea, give up water and so on).
Many linguists note that there is no clearly defined boundary between transitive and intransitive verbs. This ability of a verb is revealed in its semantics. And it often happens that these two species interact with each other: cross the road, go along the road. The advantage of this feature is grammatical affiliation.
Based on semantics, the verb transitive category is divided into groups. So, transitive verbs, most often mean:
- creation of objects (fictitious or existing): compose, create, drink;
- destruction of objects: kill, destroy;
- change of object: redo, rebuild;
- moving an object: shift, move;
- the meaning of emotionality: respect, love, hate;
- the value of sensation and perception of the object: to feel, see, hear.
Among the semantic groups of intransitive verbs, there are several main ones:
- position in space: run, stand, lie;
- sign of an object: whiten, fade, blossom;
- the employment of the object: work, sit back, play.