With admission to school, the load on the children's body increases significantly. The child is forced to sit at a desk for a long time, process a colossal amount of visual information. Physical education classes compensate for the lack of movement by only 11%. As a result, children develop posture disorders, overweight, high blood pressure, and vision problems. Physical activities for elementary school allow to provide active recreation for children right during the lesson.
Benefit
The effectiveness of the lesson largely depends on its structure. Monotonous learning activities tire the younger students, reduce their interest, and lead to emotional discomfort. Physical education lessons in elementary school:
- switch the attention of children to another type of activity;
- reduce the static load on the spine;
- give rest to the organs of vision;
- improve blood circulation in stagnant areas;
- activate breathing;
- "unload" the brain, because instead of the left hemisphere, the right, which is responsible for figurative thinking, is actively working;
- cheer up students;
- increase their performance and activity in the classroom.
Organization Rules
Physical education lessons in primary school usually include 4-6 exercises that are performed standing at the desk or sitting on a chair 4 to 6 times each. In time it takes no more than 2-3 minutes. Physical exercises are carried out at each lesson. Exceptions are practical exercises (physical education, rhythm) and tests.
In class 1, warm-ups are arranged twice per lesson. It is advisable to do this at the 15th minute, when the concentration of attention decreases, and at the 25th minute, which coincides with a noticeable decrease in working capacity. In classes 2-4, physical education lessons are held once in the 20th minute of the lesson. However, in some cases it is recommended to increase this amount to two times (at the beginning of the year, before the holidays, in the last lesson at the end of the week).
The complexes used should be diverse. They should be changed at least once every 2-3 weeks.
Selection recommendations
It is not difficult for a modern teacher to find new physical education options for elementary school. The reviews show that many teachers use ready-made interactive warm-ups designed in the form of slides with music. Sometimes they are carried out by animated characters.
How not to make a mistake with the choice of physical education for children? Focus on the following requirements:
- The warm-up should evoke positive emotions in the children and have a playful character.
- The composition of the exercises depends on the actions that the children performed before. So, in the lessons of writing it is logical to use finger gymnastics. After prolonged sitting - exercises for the back in combination with breathing.
- Well, if the warm-up is related to the material being studied.
- It is recommended to use various types of physical education minutes in work: sports, musical, poetic, etc.
Physical education for the eyes in elementary school
Up to 90% of information about the world around a person receives through vision. Eye strain increases sharply in primary school age, when children begin to read and write a lot. Therefore, it is so important to conduct special exercises for the eyes after a long letter, as well as working with textbooks.
Here is a short list of exercises that can be applied in the lesson:
- "Point". A green dot is attached to the window. The teacher offers the children to look at her, then into the distance. Then he asks with his eyes to finish the petals so that the point turns into a flower.
- Pinocchio. Children should close their eyes and imagine that their nose is gradually increasing. At the same time, the teacher counts to 8. Then comes the countdown, during which the children observe a decrease in the nose to its original size.
Eye movements in different directions, drawing circles, eights, letters and geometric shapes are very useful. These exercises can be done with poetic lines.
A fly flew into the classroom.
I sat on the window that hour.
(Children watch the imaginary fly with their eyes).
I sat and looked
And your nose flew.
And then to the ceiling,
And to your elbow.
Fell down, blinked
Right, left flew.
And then very tired
She went to sleep. Goodnight! (Children close their eyes, imitate sleep).
Finger gymnastics
Many physical education lessons for elementary school are aimed at relaxing the muscles of the hand. This is due to the fact that children only learn to write and put a lot of pressure on the pen. To avoid this, the teacher can use the following exercises:
- "Flower". Children join hands, depicting a bud. Very slowly it opens, the handles are parted. The breeze blows on the petal fingers, they move. Then night falls and the flower closes.
- "Score". The kids hold their hands in fists. The teacher calls numbers from 0 to 10, children should stretch as many fingers forward.
In addition, you can unclench and clench your fists, massage your fingers, connect them to each other in turn. Often used poetic accompaniment. For example, this:
Finger and friend
And they went to play together.
(Children pinch and unclench their fists).
The middle ones went for a walk
(hands are clenched into a fist, movements on the table are made by the indicated fingers)
And big ones - to catch up.
Unnamed - run
Index - on foot.
Here little fingers jumped,
But they faltered and fell (clapping hands on the table).
Sports gymnastics
This is a traditional charge, which is performed on an account. When conducting such physical exercises, the teacher should offer students exercises for different muscle groups. Here are tips to help the teacher make their own complex:
- First, the children correct their posture. To do this, reach up.
- The second exercise is for the neck. You can tilt your head back and forth, turn it left and right, reach your ear to your shoulder.
- Then comes one exercise for the hands (all kinds of swings, rotations).
- Exercises for the body include twisting, bending. There may be 1-2.
- The complex ends with an exercise for the legs. Usually this is jumping on two or one legs, squats, swing, marching with high knees, running on the spot.
Physical and motor physical speech
All movements can be performed under a funny speech. Physical education in verses for elementary school is a great many. Here are some examples:
Monkeys
Two monkeys reached out
Looked around, smiled
And let's clap your hands
Erysipelas to build,
Stomp loudly
Jump, dance, spin.
How do they stop?
Kitten
Early in the morning a kitten got up,
He stretched out awake.
Looked left and right
And wanted to wash.
Washes paws, washes ears,
Washes legs, washes abdomen.
Oh, I almost forgot the tail!
(Children peek behind their backs).
For a long time he caught him!
(The class is spinning in place).
Musical physical education for elementary school
A warm-up undergoes a very emotional exercise for popular children's tunes (1-2 verses). Children can perform arbitrary movements or repeat them after the teacher. Dance physical education lessons for elementary school may include the following exercises:
- Half-turns left and right, accompanied by rhythmic clapping.
- Jumping with hands up.
- Whirling in place.
- Clapping hands on his knees.
- Take your leg, put a second to it, crouch slightly. Repeat the other way.
- Three steps forward, cotton, three steps back, cotton.
- Fist rotation in front of the chest.
- Alternately raising your hands in front of you and up, then lowering them to the beat of the melody.
- Jumping legs apart. At the same time, children clap their hands. Then they return to their original position.
- Place one hand behind the head, and the other do swings to the sides. Then change hands.
- Steps left and right with a jump.
- Hip rotation.
- Drawing a circle in front of you, first with one hand, then with the other.
Physical education minutes for the development of interhemispheric connections
The modern educational system teaches to think logically, to operate with terms and facts. At the same time, the left hemisphere of the brain is actively developing. The right one, responsible for creative abilities, is inactive. This can be corrected with the following fun physical education for elementary school:
- Let the children close their eyes. You need to alternately connect the thumb with the rest, trying not to stray. This is done immediately with both hands. The speed is gradually increasing.
- With two hands, children draw the same letter or geometric shape in the air. If they can do it easily, try to draw different shapes at the same time.
- The palm should be horizontally placed against a clenched fist, and then quickly change hands several times.
- With one hand the children salute, the other pull forward, squeeze into a fist, put the thumb up (gesture "Everything is fine"). Clap your hands, change hands. The exercise is performed slowly at first, and then faster and faster.
- Hold the nose with your right hand, touch the right ear with your left. After clapping, change hands, holding on to the nose with the left hand, and on the left ear - with the right. Gradually achieve a good execution speed.
Thematic physical education
The teacher can associate the workout with the material being studied. Then it turns into a didactic game. At the same time, the logic of the lesson is not violated, the necessary knowledge is fixed. The rules of such a game are extremely simple: hearing a word, the children make a predetermined movement. For example, they bounce if there is an unpronounceable letter in the word, and sit down if it is not.
Such interesting physical education lessons for elementary school can be attached to any material, if you show imagination. You can verbally solve examples: "Sit down as many times as there will be 1 + 3, nod as many times as there will be 9 - 6." You can clap your hands if the named plant is found in the steppe, and shake your head if this is not true.
Children like ball games very much. You can arrange entertainment "True or False." The teacher makes statements (for example: "3 x 4 = 13"), and throws the ball to one of the children. If he agrees with the statement, he catches him, and other children clap their hands. If the child believes that the statement is false, he throws the ball. His classmates stomp their feet.
Breathing exercises
It will help to activate the children in the lesson, because through exercise more oxygen will enter the blood. Warm up with an open window in front of the main complex. Here are a few options:
- "Wind". Children depict the wind, blowing now, then weakly, then long, then short.
- "Balloon". With your nose, draw in air, while simultaneously inflating your cheeks, like a balloon. Then slowly blow them out, exhaling through the nose.
- "Pump". Children crouch, breathing in, and stand up, exhaling. Gradually, the movements slow down along with breathing.
Physical education for elementary school allows the child's body to regain strength. Neglect of them leads to health problems, which is unacceptable. The duty of the teacher is not only to teach the child, but also to create all the conditions for good health in the classroom.