There are many words in every language, but without proper design they mean little. The word is just a linguistic unit. Russian is especially rich in them. The syntax of the native language is the main assistant in the design of the grammatical connection of words in sentences and phrases. Knowing the basic rules of this part of linguistics helps people build both written and spoken language.
The concept
Syntax in the Russian language is a particularly important section that studies the construction of sentences and phrases and, in addition, the ratio of parts of speech in them. This department of linguistics is part of grammar and is relentlessly associated with morphology.
Linguists distinguish several types of syntax:
- Communicative. It shows the correlation of word combinations in a sentence, explores different ways of dividing sentences, considers the typology of utterances, and so on.
- Static. Considers individual combinations of words and sentences that are not interconnected. The object of study of this type of grammar section is the syntactic norms of the ratios of parts of speech in a sentence or phrase.
- The syntax of the text. Explores simple and complex sentences, schemes for constructing combinations of words, text. Its purpose is a linguistic analysis of the text.
All of these species are studying modern Russian. The syntax examines in detail the following units of linguistics: sentence, phrase, text.
Collocation
The phrase is the minimum syntactic unit. These are a few words, interconnected by semantic, grammatical and intonational load. In this unit, one word will be the main, and the other dependent. For dependent words, you can ask a question from the main one.
There are three types of communication in phrases:
- Adjacency ( lying trembling, singing beautifully ).
- Reconciliation ( about a sad story, a beautiful dress ).
- Management ( read a book, hatred of the enemy ).
The morphological properties of the main word are the main classification of phrases that the Russian language offers. The syntax in this case divides the phrases into:
- adverbial (shortly before the concert) ;
- registered (trees in the forest) ;
- verb (read book) .
Simple sentences
The Russian language is very diverse. Syntax as a special section has a main unit - a simple sentence.
A sentence is called simple if it has one grammatical basis and consists of one or more words expressing a complete thought.
A simple sentence can be one-part or two-part. This fact reveals the grammatical basis. A one-part proposal is submitted by one of the main members of the proposal. Two-part, respectively, subject and predicate. If the proposal is one-part, then it can be divided into:
- Definitely personal. (I wish you love!)
- Indefinitely personal. (In the morning they brought flowers.)
- Generalized personal. (Do not cook porridge with them.)
- Impersonal. (It's getting late!)
- Nickname. (Night. Street. Lantern. Pharmacy.)
Two-part can be:
- Common or uncommon. The minor members of the sentence are responsible for this characteristic. If they are not, then the proposal is not distributed. (Birds sing . ) If there is, it is common (Cats like the harsh aroma of valerian . )
- Complete or incomplete. Complete are called offers where all members of the offer are present. (The sun was leaning toward the horizon . ) Incomplete - where at least one syntactic unit is missing. Basically, they are characteristic of oral speech, where the meaning cannot be understood without previous statements. (Will you eat? - I will!)
- Complicated. A simple sentence can be complicated by separate and secondary members, homogeneous constructions, introductory words, appeals. (In winter, it is very cold in our city, especially in February.)
Complex sentences
Complex sentences are sentences built from several grammatical foundations.
The Russian language, the syntax of which is difficult to imagine without complex sentences, offers several types of them:
- Complicated. Parts of such a sentence are connected by compositional unions and a compositional connection. Such a connection gives some sentences as part of a complex some independence. (Parents went to rest, and the children stayed with their grandmother.)
- Complicated. Parts of the proposal are connected by subordinate unions and subordinate connection. Here, one simple sentence is the subordinate clause, and the other is the main thing. (She said she would come home late.)
- Unionless. Parts of such a sentence are related in meaning, arrangement and intonation. (He went to the cinema, she went home.)