Today we’ll talk about the famous MTZ-80 tractor. We discuss its main characteristics and modifications.
History of creation
The creation of MTZ 80/82 tractors began after the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union No. 606 was issued, which said that it was necessary to create a universal row-crop tractor, which belongs to the towing class 1.4, with an engine power of 75-85 horsepower.
To significantly reduce production costs and speed up the reconstruction process, the plant management decided to modernize the MTZ 50/52 tractor. A large number of improvements were made to the MTZ-50 design itself. Among the external changes, it can be noted that the new MTZ-80 tractor received a new cab lining, and, most importantly, a new modernized engine with increased power was installed on the tractor.
At the beginning of 1972, the MTZ-80 passed its first tests, during which it was revealed that about 230 units and tools can be used during operation. Due to the installation of a new engine, the speed of which is 2200 per minute, the speed of the MTZ-80 tractor has increased to 33 km / h, due to which transport work can be carried out faster. Mass production The tractor of the new modification began in 1974. A photo of the MTZ-80 tractor was published in local sources of information of the time.
a brief description of
The degree of similarity of parts for tractors "Belarus-50" and MTZ-80 is equal to 70%, but it is worth noting that most of the assembly units are more modernized.
MTZ-80 is practically no different from its predecessors: the semi-frame transmission design, the front engine location, the rear rear wheels are increased in diameter, the front wheels are reduced. The MTZ-80 tractor has only rear-wheel drive, but the MTZ-82 all-wheel drive.
Engine
The Belarus-80 is equipped with 4-stroke diesel engines of the D-240 and D-243 models, which have four cylinders.
The manufacturer of these engines is the Minsk Motor Plant. This engine has a semi-separated combustion chamber and liquid cooling. The working volume is 4.75 liters, power 80 liters. with., the launch is carried out using an electric starter, in some cases, the starting engine brand PD-10, its capacity is 10 liters. with.
On some engines, a prestarting heater of the -200 brand is sometimes installed.
Transmission
But only a mechanical transmission is installed. Clutch single disc, constantly closed, dry. The gearbox is presented in two steps and two ranges and is complemented by a reduction gear. Thus, there are 18 gears for moving forward and 4 backward. Installation of a creeper is possible.
On tractors manufactured after 1985, a hydraulically controlled gearbox, which can be switched by a load, allows you to select one of 4 gears within the included range, without switching off the clutch.
The rear axle has a differential with a lock function, the function is controlled by the pedal, which is located on a shelf in the cab. On newer tractors, the hydraulic locking control allows the mode to be switched without much effort.
Equipment
Pneumatic equipment: control valve and compressor, which ensure the functioning of the trailer brakes.
Electrical equipment: starter (to start the engine), lighting, cabin ventilation (air conditioning), in some cases, an alarm can be set.
Hydraulic equipment: three-section spool-valve distributor, rear hydraulic cylinder, position and power regulator, gear pump of the NSh-32 brand.
Repair of the MTZ-80 tractor does not require large cash costs and a lot of time, since all components are easily replaceable.
Modifications
There are a lot of modifications of the Belarus-80 tractor, below you will see the main ones:
- Belarus-80.1 - has a large cab; it, like MTZ-80, has rear-wheel drive.
- MTZ-82 and 82.1 - all-wheel drive, the second version has a large cab.
- Belarus-82P - rice-growing tractor.
- Belarus-82K - designed to perform work on steep slopes (up to twenty degrees).
- Belarus-80 / 82V - differs from the basic version in that a reverse gear is installed on this model.
- Belarus-82 MK - designed for utility services.
- T-80L - used in the forest industry, a higher power engine is installed, so the maximum speed is 36 km / h. The wheels are the same size.
Interesting Facts
The Saratov plant "Mossar" was engaged in the production of a model range of tractors "Belarus 80/82" on a scale of 1:43. In the sixth issue of the journal "Tractors: History, People, and Machines" the MTZ-80 tractor appeared in red, and in the twenty-ninth issue it was possible to purchase MTZ-82 in blue. After several subsequent releases, a model of the MTZ-82P modification rice-growing tractor in blue will be released.
One has only to ask oneself what a tractor is, and in the subconscious mind a photo of the MTZ-80 tractor arises. This model during its existence has undergone many improvements and modifications, but remains the main one in the agricultural industry and not only.