What does the surgeon treat? This is a doctor who is trained in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and other diseases requiring invasive intervention. Almost any medical field has its own therapeutic and surgical branch. For example, a cardiologist / pulmonologist is a thoracic surgeon, a gastroenterologist is an abdominal surgeon, etc. But not all ordinary people can imagine what each of them does.
Thoracic surgery
The first on our list is a thoracic surgeon. What does this specialist treat? Based on the name, he is engaged in the elimination of diseases of the chest organs. He is responsible for the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, as well as pleura and mediastinal contents. In addition, sometimes breast pathologies fall into his competence, although more often oncologists are still involved in these diseases.
Of course, there are narrower specialists who operate in the same field as the thoracic surgeon. What treats, for example, a cardiac surgeon or a mammologist surgeon, is clear to everyone. But they cannot cover all the diseases that occur on the medical path, so universal practices are needed.
Abdominal surgery
Number two is the abdominal surgeon. What does the doctor treat in this area? All diseases, one way or another affecting the abdominal cavity. It can be injuries, penetrating and non-penetrating wounds, inflammation, tears, bleeding, perforation, peritonitis and sepsis. Torsions and diverticulums of the intestine, acute appendicitis, adhesions or other intestinal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy and many other pathologies, the names of which are scary for people far from medicine.
Modern surgery is aimed at minimizing the consequences of the pathological process and subsequent treatment; new methods of access to organs and suturing techniques are being developed. This helps to avoid cosmetic defects, as well as to limit the doctor’s contact with the internal environment of the body and, as a result, prevent the appearance of adhesions.
Vascular surgeon: who is it and what is it treating?
All the organs of our body receive nutrients and oxygen thanks to an extensive network of vessels. But quite often this system malfunctions, and then a person is diagnosed with a heart attack, stroke, thromboembolism, varicose veins or organ necrosis. In such a situation, a vascular surgeon can help a person. Who is it and what is healing? This is a narrow specialist who is engaged in the surgical treatment of vascular diseases.
They do not have a separate part of the body, as arteries, veins and capillaries are present literally everywhere. Therefore, it is often necessary to see how vascular and thoracic surgeons work in one operating room. Traumatologists, and specialists in abdominal surgery, and many others do not disdain their help. In addition, their competence includes such diagnostic manipulations as coronarography, angio- and phlebography.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: what treats?
Dentists also have their own specialist surgical profile. Of course, such a doctor deals not only with teeth and jaws. He can come to the aid of ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and traumatologists.
What does the maxillofacial surgeon do, what heals? He is responsible for inflammatory diseases of organs, tissues and bones of the face and neck, injuries in this area, oncological processes, congenital and acquired defects. Doctors of this specialty often work with plastic surgeons.
Neurosurgery
What does the surgeon treat in this area? He deals with pathologies of the most complex, but at the same time interesting system - the nervous system. It includes the spinal cord and brain, as well as all peripheral nerve endings.
As a separate specialty, this discipline appeared only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but even the ancient Incas were engaged in trepanations, and the Egyptians used mummification of their rulers through ancestral access to extract the brain. Modern neurosurgery, of course, is more advanced. Doctors learned to cross-link nerves, remove parts of the brain without visible consequences, restore mobility after paralysis, and remove tumors from almost any location.
Science does not stand still in this area. Surgeons are trying to find new solutions to the problem of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's disease, as well as stimulation of nerve cell division.
Surgery in otorhinolaryngology
What does an otorhinolaryngologist treat? That which the therapist of the same specialty cannot cure. As a rule, these are pathologies of the outer and middle ear, nose, throat and larynx. He is responsible for all kinds of background and obligate precancerous conditions, removal of tonsils and tonsils, elimination of the causes of airway obstruction, and removal of foreign bodies.
It often happens that the doctor combines the therapeutic and surgical direction in this specialty. This allows you to improve the quality of assistance and accelerate it. You can meet them both in the clinic and in the hospital of multidisciplinary hospitals that provide highly qualified care.
Plastic surgery
Many people are unhappy with the appearance that nature has endowed them with. They strive to fix it or radically change it. And it also happens that cosmetic defects appear after an illness or too traumatic treatment. In such situations, plastic doctors come to the rescue. What does the surgeon treat in this specialty?
As a rule, he creates, not heals. Thanks to his skill, people get the desired shapes, lips and breasts increase, extra pounds and wrinkles disappear. If desired, you can even change the oval of the face, the shape of the nose, skin color, even gender. But first of all, the task of this surgeon is to figure out the reasons that prompted the person to decide on the operation, and to convince him that he is already beautiful.
Traumatology
Why else would a surgeon fit? What does a traumatologist treat? The answer to this question is quite obvious - bone damage. We have been injured all our lives. Some of them heal on their own and do not require our attention, but sometimes we still have to seek medical help.
There are special departments in hospitals - emergency rooms where people with disabilities come or come. There they are met by a doctor who, after a thorough examination and radiography, finds out if there is a bone damage or not. And then a person is waiting for either a happy return home, or the application of plaster in the manipulation room. In severe cases, the patient is transported to the operating room and fragments are fastened there with metal screws, knitting needles or staples. Such measures are necessary for the bones to heal correctly.
Traumatologists work closely with surgeons of other specialties, such as orthopedists, neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, sports and military field doctors.
Surgery in the clinic
What the surgeon treats in the clinic, because there is neither amazing equipment, nor a team of assistants of different stripes, nor even a place for operations. First of all, in the clinic, the surgeon sortes patients into those who can be helped at home or in the outpatient clinic, and those who should go to the hospital for further treatment.
To do this, he conducts a thorough survey and examination of the person who turned to him for help, appoints laboratory and instrumental examinations. And only after a thorough analysis of the information received, the doctor makes a decision regarding further treatment.
In addition, he remains in charge of patients who are treated after discharge from the department. They should not be overlooked, as many require lengthy dressings and consultations.
The second task of the surgeon in the clinic is the treatment of patients. It can be both operational and non-operational. If necessary, the doctor can carry out small operations, such as opening the boils and carbuncles, performing the primary surgical treatment of cut and bitten wounds, removing splinters and much more.