At present, Russia provides for a normal working week, which cannot be more than 40 hours. This is stated in Article 91 of the Labor Code. That is why there is an 8-hour working day during which each employee of the organization performs his duties. Lunch break in this period of time is not included and is not paid.
From the history
In November 1917, a very significant event took place in Russia that changed the lives of many working people of that time. A decree was passed that established an 8-hour working day. By this time, in many countries there was an exhausting struggle to reduce the shift of workers.
Subsequently, the 8-hour working day lost its relevance, and in 1928-1933 a transition was made to the 7-hour period of performance. The working week was 42 hours. After the outbreak of World War II, an 8-hour work day was established. Later (1656-1960) the working day was again reduced to 7 hours. And only in 1991 was the law on the protection of the rights of workers passed, which stated that the duration of a working week could not exceed 40 hours. This should be enshrined in the Labor Code.
Break
In accordance with the labor legislation of Russia, every employee has the right to rest and eat. Breaks at an 8-hour working day cannot last more than two hours. However, dinner cannot be less than thirty minutes. It should also be noted here that a break for rest and eating is not included in the working time of the worker. And therefore not paid.
Example
An employee goes to work according to the established schedule from 8:00 to 17:00. In fact, she performs her duties 8 hours a day. Because she has a five-day work week. In addition, she is given one hour to rest and eat. This is provided for by law and labor regulations. She cannot abide by them. If you set her a working day without lunch, then this will be a violation of labor law.
Is it productive
In modern life, the question of reducing or increasing the working day and generally the length of the working week is quite acute. Of course, all state and municipal enterprises are accustomed to the fact that the working day starts at 8 in the morning and ends at 5 in the evening. Is it productive? And how much can an employee do during this time? Many entrepreneurs are confident that a person is able to work well and productively for only a few hours. After that, the subordinate is simply distracted. Therefore, with an 8-hour working day, it is difficult for an employee to fulfill all the instructions of the management competently and quickly.
Not so long ago, in 2010, Mikhail Prokhorov proposed to increase the existing working week by as much as 20 hours. However, no one particularly supported his idea. After all, a person, in addition to work, must rest and engage in other, no less important things.
How to plan your working hours
This question is asked by many citizens of our country who have a job. An 8-hour working day implies that a person must fulfill certain duties and instructions of the management throughout this time. Therefore, it is important not to be distracted and not to do your personal business. This is especially not worth doing when the head of the organization does not treat his employee very well.
A person must learn to do the most important work first, and then deal with the remaining documents (if it comes to the office).
Example
The company got three new employees at once. Accordingly, the HR specialist added work that needed to be done immediately. In addition, he needed to draw up additional agreements to existing employment contracts. The specialist began to do both, and as a result did not have time.
Schedule
Each organization or enterprise has a time schedule. It is called a graph. It reflects the beginning of the work and its completion. It is also necessary to indicate the work schedule in the employment contract with the employee. After all, it is simply unacceptable to infringe upon the rights of a citizen. What are you talking about?
Suppose a person working in an organization has an 8-hour work day. The schedule of the duration of his work should be strictly limited to this period of time. After that, it is unacceptable to detain an employee at the workplace. He has the right to rest and engage in his personal affairs.
In addition, lunch with an 8-hour working day cannot be less than 30 minutes. This rule is enshrined in labor law.
Other categories
According to the general rule, a labor week is 40 hours. This means that for every working day there are eight hours. But there are always exceptions to the general rule. For example, for some categories of workers, the average working hours per day may be less.
So, employees of educational institutions can not carry out official duties more than 36 hours a week. Accordingly, their working day will be less than eight hours.
Medical staff should work no more than 39 hours a week. Therefore, during a five-day working week, the duration of their service activities per day will be no more than seven and a half hours.
pros
During the working day, which is 8 hours, the employee manages to do a lot of good deeds and fulfill all the instructions of the management, it is even possible to visit other institutions. In addition, we should not forget that citizens who work at enterprises on such a schedule can safely go on sick leave and take a vacation. On weekends and holidays, they will not have to work either. Because their salary is fixed and prescribed in the employment contract.
The management of the organization always sees the advantages of an eight-hour working day in that their subordinates are under their control all this time, which means they will be better able to carry out their official duties and will not be able to leave home earlier.
In addition, with such a steady schedule, a person can set aside time for lunch. With an eight-hour working day, it is at least thirty minutes, but in most organizations this takes an entire hour. This period of time is not paid, but on the other hand, the employee gets the opportunity to relax, get distracted, normally, without rushing, have lunch. This is his legal right, which is provided for by labor law and the contract. And no one can encroach on him.
Minuses
Most people work in enterprises and organizations where an 8-hour work day is set (lunch usually lasts one hour), which is quite convenient. Nevertheless, many still believe that it would be better to shorten the period of performance. This is especially true for people engaged in heavy physical labor. This is primarily due to the fact that people get very tired, and therefore do not always have time to complete the tasks. For workers, this is a minus, but for dishonest leaders of organizations, on the contrary, a big plus. After all, a person who is tired after an 8-hour working day will not demand an increase in his position and salary, because he will no longer have free time for this. He is not able to develop and set new goals and objectives.
People working on a standard schedule, most often spend their free time at home in front of the TV and computer, they do not want to play sports. On the scheduled two days off, they go to the store to shop and pick up a lot of unnecessary things and products. Because after work you don’t always want to go to the supermarket for a new portion of fruits and vegetables.
In addition, office workers gain extra weight very quickly during an 8-hour day. After all, you need to spend all the time sitting at a table by the computer, and at lunchtime you want to eat something tasty. The movements of such workers are minimal.
People working 8 hours a day are often sick. In this regard, their income is reduced, and expenses are increased.
In what cases the working day can be reduced
Normally, with a 40-hour week, the working day is 8 hours. At this time, lunch is not included, that is, it is not paid. Before the holiday, working hours should be reduced by one hour. This rule is fixed in the TC. In addition, persons who work in another organization concurrently must work there for no more than four hours. On weekends, they are allowed to work a full shift.
In addition, an eight-hour work day can be reduced for certain categories of employees. For example, for women in the situation, mothers with children under 14 or disabled people under 18, people who care for sick relatives. Citizens who are on maternity leave, but are forced to continue their career, must be set up on a part-time basis (4 hours).
Important
Despite the fact that most people work at enterprises for 8 hours a day, their work efficiency does not grow from this. Because employees who have a stable salary independent of productivity are not interested in fulfilling their duties more quickly. Since it does not affect the payment of their labor. This is despite the fact that all official activities are under the control of management. The lunch break with an 8-hour working day should be at least thirty minutes, but not exceed two hours.
All employees working in this mode are entitled to leave and sick leave. Payment of the latter will depend on the length of service of the subordinate.
A citizen who works eight hours a day is not always able to immediately fulfill the tasks assigned to him. But even in this case, the head of the enterprise cannot hold him in place after the expiration of working time.