In connection with the modernization of Russian education, teachers use not only traditional forms of training, but also introduce innovative methods. Let's talk about what are the requirements for an electronic educational resource.
What is ESM
Federal electronic educational resources are educational materials that are reproduced using electronic devices. In general, sound recordings and videos are equated to ESM, which can be played back using a player or tape recorder. The most effective and modern recordings are called digital resources, implying that they can be played using digital devices.
The difference between textbooks and ESM
An educational electronic resource is a convenient option for distance learning for students with health problems (inclusive education). So, a regular textbook is not accessible to schoolchildren with impaired vision, moreover, books are heavy, which is why schoolchildren often “forget” them at home.
ESM classification
There is a certain classification of electronic educational resources. They are divided into several groups:
- Textographic. The material appears in the form of illustrations or text on a computer monitor, not on paper. If you wish, you can print the desired article or image at any time.
- Textual ESM with material navigation. In this case, electronic educational resources include such books, which can be read on a PC, going at any time to the desired page. Specifying the desired term, you can read its description (definition) in an additional small window or change the contents of the screen instantly by specifying the phrase (key phrase). Text navigation is non-linear, and the text product is called hypertext.
- The third educational electronic resource is a visual or sound fragment. Animation, sound make the learning process interesting and exciting for students.
The use of multimedia ESM
Translated from English, the word "multimedia" means "many ways." And such an educational electronic resource is a representation of the studied objects with the help of graphics, sound, video, photos, animations. In other words, an educational electronic resource is all that a person will perceive through the organs of hearing and vision.
Currently, the term "multimedia" is used quite widely, in connection with this you need to understand what it will refer to. For example, thematic educational videos that can be watched using a projector and a PC are related to electronic educational resources. And multimedia ESM means the ability to play simultaneously on a computer screen the sum of objects that are represented in a variety of ways. Of course, this does not mean a meaningless mixture of objects that have no relationship, but the choice of objects subordinate to a particular didactic topic. They should be logically connected with each other, form a unified idea among schoolchildren about the phenomenon or process being studied.
The degree of adequacy of the presentation in a fragment of the real world characterizes the quality of the created multimedia product. An innovative expression is recognized as “virtual reality”, which implies the use of multimedia components containing a visual three-dimensional series and stereo sound.
Ways to Present ESM
Considering the list of electronic educational resources, we note their structure. ESM can be in the form of educational material, divided into separate blocks. Each of them uses graphic illustrations, text fragments, programs, elements of hypermedia.
Recently, electronic resources in educational institutions have become commonplace. Textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for teaching schoolchildren are immediately equipped with ESM according to the new generation federal standards. The functionality of using ESM in the modern educational process is largely determined by didactic characteristics:
- interactivity;
- communicative;
- the provision of educational material in the form of text, animation, graphics, video, audio multimedia means;
- using computer modeling to analyze educational objects;
- automation of different types of educational activities.
The purpose of the ESM
Consider the use of electronic educational resources in the educational process. ESM makes it possible to implement the following tasks:
- Organize independent cognitive activities of students.
- Provide individual educational support for the academic work of each student by professional teachers.
- To organize group training activities using the resources of information and communication technologies.
ESM Features
Depending on the use in the educational process, it is customary to divide all ESM into several types:
- Distributed resources that are hosted by the IOS. For example, electronic educational resources in computer science can be placed in electronic libraries, repositories, and educational portals. They are necessary for distance learning, which involves a remote access mode based on ICT technologies.
- ESM for use in local networks of educational organizations and institutions.
- Single-user resources, which are mainly intended for use on personal computers. This group involves the use of CD or DVD media.
Consideration of age-related features in the compilation of ESM
The peculiarity of the electronic educational resource is that it takes into account the target level and levels of training. So, general education is intended for pre-school, primary, basic, secondary general education, and vocational are created for additional training of those who have higher education.
Depending on the form of training, the portal of electronic educational resources of Ural State Economic University offers resources for full-time, part-time, part-time, family education, external studies, and self-education.
The target audience
Equally, electronic resources are used by applicants, teachers, methodologists, researchers, students, and technical specialists.
Depending on the type of resources, you can find the following types of materials:
- Educational material. It implies virtual problem books, laboratory workshops, study guides, tests, lecture notes, electronic training courses, control questions.
- Training kit. In electronic form, you can pick up guidelines, curricula, programs, lesson plans.
- Reference material. For example, in the form of ESM databases, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books are offered.
- Demonstration and illustrative kit. It includes visual maps, atlases, albums, visual aids.
- Additional informational material. In electronic form, you can study anthologies, print media, publications of a popular scientific nature, advertising and informational materials.
- Regulations. Teachers can study the national pedagogical standard, job descriptions, regulations.
- Periodic electronic publications.
Depending on their direct purpose, ESM are divided into scientific, educational, popular science, reference, leisure, art, mass political, production, practical and reference.
Functions of Electronic Educational Resources
Depending on the purpose of the created ESM for the educational process, they are divided into several types:
- learning programs;
- anthologies;
- educational and methodological kits in certain academic disciplines;
- dictionaries;
- reference books;
- lecture notes;
- workshops.
The last group of ESM is of particular importance for the implementation of the tasks assigned to teachers of educational institutions after the introduction of the Federal state educational standards of the second generation.
Such resources include sets of practical work, laboratory exercises, virtual workshops, business games, research, design activities. At the initial stage of training, illustrative materials are widely used: sets of animations and slides, audio and video lessons. In the primary and secondary schools, teachers of chemistry, biology, and physics use educational and methodical kits.
Thanks to ESM, the motivation of children to conduct laboratory and practical work increases, and the cognitive activity of the younger generation is stimulated. Depending on the degree of didactic support, you can choose the following types of ESM:
- specialty;
- thing;
- discipline section;
- part of the subject.
According to the option of providing information, all modern electronic resources are divided into software products, multimedia ESM and visual materials. And given the physiological and psychological characteristics of schoolchildren, educators pick up active, mixed, descriptive, or vague ESM for the educational process.
Before using e-books or manuals in working with children, the teacher checks their compliance with the current second generation federal state educational standards .
There is a classification of electronic resources by the type of application and distribution environment for offline, Internet, as well as resources for interactive whiteboards. Depending on the technical equipment of the educational institution, the teacher selects the ESM group, the application of which will be optimal in a particular situation. And the content content involves the use of presentation resources, multimedia ESM or special training systems.
Recently, the Government of the Russian Federation has given special attention to the education of children who have certain health problems, and therefore cannot attend classes in a regular school with their peers. A special program on inclusive education has been developed and is successfully functioning. Its implementation is impossible without the use of electronic educational resources of various types. There is also a special virtual school in which the children, together with their mentors, perform interesting tasks. In addition to the use of electronic educational resources directly during lessons, children have access to them outside of school hours. These are offline electronic textbooks, which are characterized by a formed search system based on a glossary, content, hyperlinks. In such manuals, the paper basis was transferred to the electronic version.
Examples of the use of ESM in the educational process
A chemistry teacher can no longer imagine his activity without the active use of presentations, video clips, as well as an introductory safety briefing before starting practical work. In the absence of chemical reagents in the school, the teacher conducts a "virtual" practical work, using the necessary ESM in chemistry. In addition, the electronic collection, which was created at the federal level, has resources demonstrating experiments that are forbidden for TB in the school laboratory. The guys enjoy watching the experiments, accompanied by the release of light, heat, energy.
Conclusion
In the Russian Federation, first and second generation ESM were created at the national level. The first includes a variety of digital educational resources (DOC), for example, the 1C platform.
The second generation is represented by the resources of the FCIOR, which are reproduced using a special OMS player. They are built using the technologies and standards of SCORM, Flash, Java. Creation by teachers of electronic educational resources of the second generation requires knowledge of the basics of programming, which is unrealistic for most teachers. Many teachers try to create their own electronic resources based on Microsoft PowerPoint.
In order to simplify the life of modern teachers, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation has developed special digital collections for each academic discipline. Regarding the use of ESM in Linux, we note that they are currently used extremely rarely. The reason is that many educators do not know how to use it. All electronic resources offered for use in educational institutions are subject to preliminary verification. If they do not meet the requirements set forth by the new federal standards, ESMs are not recommended for use in schools and colleges.