A child, becoming a schoolboy, continues to acquire the skills of creative work with his own hands at technology lessons, or, as they were called in Soviet times, labor lessons. In elementary school, from the age of 7 to 10 years, students master new materials at hand and improve their previously acquired (in kindergarten) skills. We suggest you consider how to make the “Technology” program more exciting and interesting for the first class. These lessons will definitely appeal to younger students.
The subject "Technology" in the 1st grade
The subject "Technology" has a practical orientation in the development of the child. This subject is fundamental in the formation of the student’s system of universal actions of the learning process. The subject “Technology” contains all the elements of educational activity (task setting, orientation in it, planning, finding a practical way to solve, visual result). The child, practicing in technology lessons, builds an algorithm of the correct actions of the learning process in other school subjects. Practical work in technology lessons is a means of comprehensive development of the student and the formation of his personal qualities that are significant in society.
The course of the subject "Technology" (class 1 program) was developed according to the Federal State Educational Standard - the Federal State Educational Standard. GEF has been operating in our country since 2011. Technology lessons are provided (Grade 1) at the School of Russia in GEF, Perspective and other traditional types of training programs.
The main objectives of the course in primary school
Technology lessons pursue a set of tasks and goals. Among them:
- knowledge of the surrounding world as a holistic picture, understanding of the unity of man and nature;
- development of aesthetic and artistic taste, imaginative thinking, development of creative potential;
- awareness of the multinationality of the country and patriotism, as a result of acquaintance with the peoples of Russia and their crafts;
- the development of various labor skills and abilities, understanding of the technological process, the formation of a base of design and technological skills using a technological map;
- formation of responsibility for the quality and result of their work;
- ability to work in new conditions and with new materials, motivation for a positive result;
- drawing up an action plan and methods for its implementation;
- the formation of a sense of cooperation, respect for the opinions of others, interaction with other children within the framework of the rules;
- the formation of their own assessment of the product and work, the awareness of its shortcomings and advantages.
Sample structure of a technology lesson in grade 1
Now let's talk more about the structure. Technology lessons in the 1st grade (according to the Federal State Educational Standard) imply the organizational activity of the teacher in the lesson and the establishment of the didactic goals of the lesson. The structure of technology lessons may include the following points:
- Theoretical (introductory part of the lesson, communication and explanation of the topic);
- familiarization with the material, observation and experiments (acquaintance with new materials and their properties, if necessary, shows techniques of technical points);
- analysis of the product sample or its individual parts (understanding the shape of the product, its structure and purpose);
- drawing up an action plan for the manufacture of the product (a teacher conducting a brief oral instruction, discussing a sequence of actions with students);
- practical part (mastering and implementation by students of technological operations in accordance with the goal);
- final part (summing up the development of theoretical and practical exercises, analysis of the results of work).
Examples of practical work with natural materials
At the beginning of the school year, it is advisable to start technology lessons for the 1st grade with a study of nature in general and natural materials. From 5 to 7 hours are allotted for practical exercises on the theme "Nature and We". The first 1-2 lessons according to the plans of "Technology" Grade 1 are devoted to the directions:
- Urban nature and rural nature. Man-made world.
- Creativity and natural materials.
The following hours are devoted to practical work with natural material. The content of these works may include such concepts as types and names of natural materials, methods and techniques for working with them, collection and organization of proper storage, drying, painting of natural materials. Topics for practical lessons on the theme "Nature and We" may be as follows:
- Applications from autumn leaves and seeds. As an artistic complement, you can use cut-out elements from colored paper, as well as decoration using watercolor paints.
- Making figures (animals, insects, little people, mushrooms) from twigs, cones, chestnuts, acorns. Auxiliary material is plasticine.
- Composition of leaves and twigs. Drawing up an ornament from them.
Examples of practical work with plasticine
For technology lessons in class 1, dedicated to working with plasticine, 4-5 academic hours can be allocated. It is recommended that the teacher tell first graders about the properties of plasticine, about the correct, accurate work with it (using a special knife and plank) and show the basic methods of working with this material.
Options for practical work with plasticine are very diverse. For example, for the first lessons, making fruit from plasticine is suitable . Simple forms of an apple or pear from plasticine of the appropriate color under the forces will be made for each child. To do this, you need to demonstrate a sample of fruit, then tell how to cut off the right amount of plasticine and what shape (circle, oval, pear-shaped) to give the workpiece. From brown color make the stem of the fruit, and add a flat green leaf for beauty.
It will become more difficult to manufacture a plasticine caterpillar, as the children must roll up and make the links of its torso the same size and then fasten it together. On the head should be the eyes, mouth, nose of the caterpillar, as well as the antennae.
An interesting version of the lesson in the technique of "drawing with plasticine." This is rolling down flagella from plasticine, followed by laying these tows on a sheet with a drawn outline (for example, a butterfly, a mushroom, a snowman, etc.). It turns out a kind of three-dimensional drawing.
Paper making
A large part of the course is the technology of the 1st class “School of Russia”, about 15-16 hours, is devoted to the manufacture of different types of paper products. A child in these lessons (with the help of a teacher) should be able to organize a workplace, know the rules for safe handling of scissors, and learn new skills (cutting, gluing, etc.).
Types of paper work include making applications, using templates, cutting them out, quilling, making origami and paper decorations for the New Year, making volumetric drawings from rolled balls of napkins, and much more.
Paper applications, mosaics and decorations
There can be a lot of application options made on technology in the 1st grade. From simple, where large details do not require filigree clipping (a vase of flowers, a snowman, a house) to complex compositions (underwater world, landscape, decorated Christmas tree, flower meadow, etc.). Before making applications, it is important to sketch, sketch.
Volumetric mosaics can be made using the creasing technique, followed by gluing monophonic napkins of several colors. The drawing for such mosaics should be quite large and sketchy (fish, ship, car, flower, etc.) and also drawn with borders visible to the child.
Beads familiar from childhood to parents from colored paper links and snowflakes on windows are still relevant today. Neatly cut strips of colored paper glued into rings between each other perfectly develop fine motor skills. And cutting snowflakes teaches patience and perseverance. For convenience, the snowflake pattern must be drawn in advance.
Work with textiles and accessories
The section of technology lessons related to textiles includes 5-6 academic hours. In these classes, the child learns the types of fabrics, learns to work with them, learns about the measures for safe work with needles and scissors, comprehends the basic techniques of cutting.
Among the textile classes for Grade 1, one can distinguish the manufacture of rag dolls, the development of the simplest types of seams, sewing on buttons, simple embroidery, and embroidery with large beads.
Dolls, buttons and seams
To make a rag doll at a technology lesson, you will need a light natural fabric or gauze, colored shreds of fabric, cotton wool filler, scissors and threads. In the center of the square piece of light fabric, you need to put a small piece of cotton wool, and with the help of threads to form the head and hands of the doll. To draw her face. Using colored rags to make the outfit and headdress of the doll.
The main work in textile classes should be given to the development of seams. The main types of seams: a simple stitch, a straight stitch stitch, a stitch stitch with an interwoven snake, a stitch pattern with an interwoven spiral.
If the children have already mastered the ability to sew buttons, you can try to make embroidery with buttons from them in the form of a teddy bear, flower, caterpillar, little man, etc.