Recently, many began to pay attention to international transport. And in this connection the question arises: CMR - what is it? We will try to highlight this issue in this review.
By CMR is meant an international
waybill, which is considered a mandatory element of a
customs declaration. If you decide to cross the border with any product, then such an invoice should be present in your possession. So, we sorted out the question: CMR - what is it? Now it’s worth talking about the basics that should be understood.
What type of data is provided in the international document?
CMR consignment note must be issued in case of transportation to all European countries. It stores information of the following type:
- Name of the sender / shipping company.
- Name of the recipient / company receiving the goods.
- The name of the cargo to be transported across the border.
- The weight of the transported cargo.
The CMR waybill may also contain the following information:
- Evidence that overload should not occur.
- Data on payments that must be paid without fail.
- The amount of those payments that are payable at the time of delivery of the goods.
- Data on declared value of goods.
- Recommendations that talk about product insurance.
- Information about the period during which the sender must complete the transportation.
- List of all documentation that is transmitted directly to the carrier.
This is the basic information about CMR. What is it, you now know.
What should be guided by when filling out the documentation?
When transporting with the need to cross the border, in this waybill, all necessary marks should be made. At the moment when the goods arrive at the recipient, he must sign. Thus, he confirms that the delivery has been completed.
The form and procedure for filling out the CMR consignment note are approved by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. All rules are fixed in the corresponding convention. This document refers to an instrument of private international law, which was approved in 1956. The Convention provides for the regulation of contractual relations for international transport. Such a document defines the rules for filling in the CMR. Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and many other countries act in full compliance with this convention.
What types of invoices can be selected?
Clause 1 in the instruction defining the rules by which the consignment note is filled out states that at the time of shipment of goods from any state, one can be guided by both the rules approved by the resolution and the legislation in force in the territory of the sending country. And in this situation it does not matter which CMR form was chosen - established by the regulation or by the sending state.
Who can buy an invoice?
The second paragraph of the instructions for filling out says that the consignor CMR will be able to purchase the consignor, freight forwarders, carriers. This happens in full accordance with the contract of carriage.
How many sheets should be in an international document?
Paragraph two of the instructions for processing says that the CMR form can have up to 10 pages on which there are blank columns. They can be printed on carbonless paper and have options such as billing series and number. The invoice must be issued by the sender on at least four pages. The first four have their own name, which must be assigned by typographic means. The names of these pages are as follows:
- Instance for the sender.
- Instance for the recipient.
- Instance for carrier.
- For calculations.
Information to be indicated
The remaining sheets characterized by the CMR international consignment note do not have their own name. The first page of the invoice will remain with the sender. It is necessary in order to be able to confirm the fact of sending the goods and carrying out all the necessary calculations.
On the second, third and fourth pages must be mandatory signatures and seals of the party that sends the goods. Also on these sheets must be the signature of the party involved in the transport of goods.
The second page should be on the side that deals with the maintenance of the goods. She is given by the driver to the person who receives the goods. This page is necessary in order to confirm that the goods have been received / delivered.
The third along with the fourth page will be given to the carrier. They are certified by the seals and signatures of both the sender and the recipient. The fourth page, which serves as the basis for all the necessary calculations, is required so that the carrier can attach it to the general invoice for the shipment of goods to the recipient and forward it to the one who made the order. It is this side that is the payer of the transportation. The third page is attached to the travel form and is the basis for taking into account all the services provided for the transportation of goods. Guided by this page, it is necessary to calculate the salary that the carrier will receive. And such CMR 200 sheets can be given. What does this mean by itself? This can be explained by the large number of goods that need to be sent to several addresses at once. But more on that later.
Filling out other sheets of an international document
The remaining sheets of the consignment note are certified by the signatures and seals of the sender and the carrier. They are necessary for customs organizations. The number of additional pages will be determined by the conditions of transport. In the event that the goods are delivered to different recipients, the invoice must be filled out for each individual address. Thus, filling 4 pages is the minimum number. The parties, when agreeing on the conditions of transportation of goods, must indicate the required number of CMR pages. Additional sheets may be provided in any quantity. In addition, you can order several invoices at once, if delivery is made often enough. For example, you can write out invoices CMR-200. What does this mean by itself? This means that the customer will receive 1 package, in which there are 200 pieces of forms.
Sender and receiver details
Paragraph seven of the instructions for filling out states that it is necessary to indicate the name, address, phone numbers and parties to the contract in the appropriate boxes - "Sender" and "Consignee". However, telephone numbers should only be provided if available.
The need for all additional documentation
In the fifth column, you will need to indicate those documents that are attached to the international consignment note. In this case, the consignor must note the availability of such documentation as:
- Veterinary certificate in case you need to transport animals or those products that belong to the category of animal origin. This document is also required if there is a transfer of raw materials of animal origin, veterinary drugs, feed and other relevant goods that are subject to veterinary supervision.
- In the event that the quarantined materials are being transported, a quarantine certificate must be attached to the consignment note .
- A phytosanitary certificate is required if the corresponding goods are being transported.
- Shipping specification.
- A certificate that confirms the conformity of quality in the situation when goods of industrial and food type are transported.
- Certificate of origin.
- Permission from all necessary government bodies, if necessary.
- An act that confirms the loading of the car.
- Invoice.
Who is responsible for the costs of an incorrectly filled invoice?
The consignor of goods assumes responsibility for all costs and losses that the carrier incurs in the event of incorrect or insufficient data on the invoice. The shipper must deal with this document.
Dangerous goods must be indicated in a separate column.
The sixth column must be filled in the situation when dangerous goods are transported, which are classified according to the European agreement on the corresponding transportation. In the event that transportation of other categories of goods is carried out, in this column you can indicate their class, guided by the current classification.
Filling that occurs directly by the sender
Often questions arise as to whether to fill in the fifteenth column. The shipper must deal with it. Guided by the information provided in paragraph 19 of the Instructions, as well as in accordance with all international rules that interpret trade terms, the sender must fill in the 15th column. Thus it is necessary to be based on the contract. It is concluded directly with the recipient and contains the terms of delivery.
The sender must also fill in the column number 23. In it he must indicate the date and number of the waybill. In accordance with this document, transportation takes place. By the date of the waybill of the car that performs transportation, we mean the parameter that is indicated on the front of the document. It must be sought in a line such as “Departure is permitted by order No. ____ of ___”.
Which items are not always necessary
According to paragraph 28 of the instructions for filling, in the columns under the numbers 19, 27, 28 and 29, which are filled in by the carrier, the data on the tariff that is used must be indicated. There can be two - piecework and contractual. You must also indicate the cost of transportation. In this case, one must be guided by the tariff distance and prices for the provision of additional services. In the situation when transportation is carried out according to the contract type (freight size is not required to be specified in advance), all the above columns are not required to be filled.
What does transportation insurance mean?
It is also worth understanding that for those involved in the transport of goods, CMR insurance plays a very important role. What it is? In a situation where the buyer wants the insurance to have a large coverage, he must arrange this directly with the sender. However, he himself can take all necessary measures to ensure that additional insurance is issued.
In the event that all securities are correctly registered, this type of insurance will cover the legislative liability for damage or loss of goods. What risks are insured:
- Complete loss or damage to the cargo.
- Damage to the goods by third parties during transportation.
- Payment of all customs payments, as well as various fines and penalties for violations that are associated with foreign economic operations.
When transporting on an international consignment note, the carrier must be responsible for ensuring that the goods remain fully intact. He must deliver the goods in integrity to the place where the unloading will be made. If, however, an unpleasant situation occurs, all losses or the cost of the whole cargo as a whole must be compensated by the carrier.
In this regard, many customers choose such a procedure as carrier liability insurance. Is CMR 100 full insurance? What does it mean? In the case of CMR insurance, cargo protection will be provided. If we take 100% insurance, the carrier can count on compensation for damage that arose through his fault.
Franchise
It should also be noted that for insurance, a deductible may be indicated in the contract - the amount of loss that is not reimbursed by insurance services. The deductible, for example, in dollars for CMR insurance is 1000. What does this mean? This means that if the damage is less than $ 1,000, then the carrier may not wait for compensation. In addition, a conditional and unconditional franchise applies. In the first case, compensation will be paid in full if the amount of damage exceeded $ 1,000. In the case of an unconditional franchise, this is not so. For example, if the amount of damage is $ 1,400, then the driver can expect to receive only part of the money with CMR insurance - $ 400. What does it mean? In other words, the driver will receive the amount that will be equal to the cost of damage without taking into account the amount of the deductible. In our example, this is 400 dollars. So, we have told the basic information about CMR. What is it, you now know.