The principle of operation of the septic tank, which is part of an autonomous sewage system, is based on the biological treatment of wastewater and fecal water using specially grown living microorganisms. Their use today is the most affordable and effective for everyday use. Bacteria for a septic tank are the main element of any autonomous treatment plant.
Special biological products for septic tanks, consisting of a mixture of bacteria, are completely decomposed, do not contain toxic substances and do not harm the environment. Microorganisms break down organics into water, salts, and carbon dioxide. Bacteria for septic tanks quickly process waste waste and eliminate unpleasant odors.
As a result of the activity of microorganisms, the sediment at the bottom of the tank is liquefied, the process of decomposition of organic waste is accelerated, fat deposits from the walls are removed, blockages are eliminated. Bacteria begin to process organics within two hours after entering sewage. Especially quickly they affect the process of gas formation, reducing unpleasant odor after four hours. At the same time, bacteria for the septic tank are not dangerous for people, animals and higher plants. They do not harm the materials of which the treatment plant is made.
Different types of living microorganisms are used in septic tanks, depending on the type of septic tank. These are aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Aerobic bacteria
Aerobic bacteria are microorganisms that require oxygen to exist. Wastewater treatment plants, the operation of which is based on the activity of such microorganisms, are aerobic and equipped with a compressor that supplies air to the tank. So that bacteria for the septic tank are not washed away with water, they are placed on a special shield made of textile material with villi. Wastewater entering the septic tank mixes with air bubbles. In the septic tank, the decomposition of organic compounds begins, as a result of which a solid precipitate falls on the bottom of the tank, which can be used as fertilizer for the garden. During the decomposition of organics using aerobic microorganisms, carbon dioxide and heat are released, but there is no unpleasant odor. After aerobic treatment, the wastewater is immediately discharged into the drainage ditch. An aerobic septic tank does not require a cesspool machine.
Anaerobic bacteria
For the life of anaerobic microorganisms, oxygen is not required. In anaerobic treatment plants, the process of natural fermentation and decay of organic waste occurs, some of which sink to the bottom, where it begins to decompose. At the same time, wastewater is purified and clarified.
Anaerobic bacteria for a septic tank cannot clean household wastes from non-degradable organics and fats. Liquefaction of solid waste can be achieved by the proper combination of microorganisms. During the anaerobic cleaning process, an unpleasant odor is released. Sludge from the bottom cannot be used as fertilizer, because it contains pathogens. To remove it, you need to call the sewage transport.
Before dumping wastewater treated with an anaerobic method into the soil, they must be treated with an aerobic method. It is not recommended to drain the untreated water into the ground, since the soil then becomes infertile. Thus, septic tanks are used for wastewater treatment , including two tanks, anaerobic and aerobic. The wastewater subjected to this process is purified by 96-98%. Instead of an aerobic septic tank, sand and gravel filtration fields can be used , where cleaning occurs due to the vital activity of soil bacteria.