The historical process of the last century for the rapprochement of states and peoples is the globalization of human society. Cultural, political and economic borders are gradually erased, and many observed events are evidence of this with the naked eye: the same goods are diverging all over the world, and with the help of the media the same event is being discussed by many millions of people on earth. There are many examples of the globalization of human society.
Main roles
As soon as telecommunication and information technologies emerged and spread widely (and this happened extremely quickly), the process of globalization of human society became especially noticeable. For example, the World Wide Web, that is, the Internet, exists without recognition of any boundaries, and this "network of networks" is able to unite all of humanity. First of all, the globalization of human society has contributed to the expansion of a global market economy, financial capital circulates freely throughout the world and also does not recognize borders.
The main roles in this process, which is taking place in the global economy of our time, are, of course, played by TNCs (transnational corporations). They pave the way around the world quickly and briefly, the globalization of human society is carried out by them without any control, because no state can build a worthy barrier to any transnational corporation. TNCs interact closely with each other, thus controlling and coordinating global economic activity. Such international economic organizations as the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the like, and today determine the global economy.
Base
However, if we characterize this process most succinctly and briefly, the globalization of human society is very controversial. This can be observed especially effectively in the field of culture. National cultures are in crisis today, as the consumerism strategy is spreading more and more widely in the world, and it is literally spurred by the mass media. With their light hand, it is mass culture in mass society that becomes the basis on which the problems of globalization of human society are growing, from 1 to 8 points of their enumeration, each person already knows by heart, and this will be discussed in more detail below.
The ongoing process to an unacceptably large extent eliminates the importance of regional, national identity, and this cannot but lead to resistance. Not everyone likes globalist ideology and practice, and therefore, the world is growing at the same time as protest against it, the global anti-globalist movement is gaining strength and is growing day by day.
What humanity is afraid of
The problems of social progress and globalization of human society are really extremely great. So far, the largest and most dangerous are about eight. In any case, the textbook of social science (10th grade) on the globalization of human society testifies to this. Although the problems are growing not only in scale, but also in number. Today we are talking about the environmental crisis, to which mankind has led to overconsumption. This is the first point.
The second is the demographic crisis. Humanity is rapidly aging: life expectancy has increased significantly thanks to medicine, and babies appear in sufficient numbers only in third world countries. A prosperous population does not want to breed. The reason for this is the third point: nuclear war really threatens mankind, and fears are not completely without real grounds.
Terrorism, AIDS and Addiction
One can imagine how difficult it is for a teacher to compile a lesson in class 10 on the globalization of human society! Very difficult fourth point. Indeed, along with the increasingly complicated and increasing fight against terrorism, the terrorist community itself is growing by leaps and bounds, creating its own states that are waging an ongoing war with the whole world. And the whole world has yet to defeat terrorism. How can I explain to the teacher that this seemingly positive process has become a product of such a phenomenon as terrorism? And Grade 10 must learn a lesson on the globalization of human society, because these very young people are the future of our humanity.
The fifth point is no less terrible. If a generation ago the word “drug addict” did not exist in the vocabulary of an ordinary person, now these children, who study the globalization of human society in social studies, are in the greatest danger. Morals have become easier, tolerance triumphs (again, thanks to globalization and the corrupting work of the media) in relation to the choice of not only a sexual partner, but also of their own gender, and therefore we have to fight more and more with the spread of AIDS and drug addiction, and this struggle is more and more to no avail. Therefore, the activities under the sixth paragraph, which relates to health protection, are also inhibited. Here, not only AIDS knows no borders, but also the African swine fever, and bird flu from Hong Kong, and much, much more is fevering mankind, flying tens of thousands of kilometers in a matter of days.
North South
The essence of the seventh paragraph is slightly encrypted in the title "Problems of the North and the South." Although quite a bit of quick wisdom is needed to understand what is at stake. Grade 10 of global society is fully capable of understanding how to bridge the gap between the living standards of developed and developing countries. Basically, all the poor are in the south (excluding very few, such as South Africa), and all the richest are in the north.
The former want help from the latter, but get something completely different (recall Libya, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan). Because of the mineral wars in developing countries, the flow of migration to prosperous countries (most of all to European) has sharply increased, bringing with it the same terrorism, AIDS and drug addiction. Moreover, both new and well-forgotten old diseases are spreading in the world - smallpox, cholera, plague. North-South is one of the most acute global problems of mankind. We have already touched the eighth point slightly, and it is no less painful. These are suffering national cultures that are on the verge of total annihilation.
Peripheral
The definition of globalization of human society as a rapprochement of the peoples of the world and states does not exempt leading sociologists from understanding the ongoing process. There are a wide variety of theories, and one of the most interesting is the theory of world dependence, where social development is considered as an international division of labor. Three elements are distinguished in the modern world community.
This is the center that dominates the global economy and politics, including exploiting countries relative to other socio-economic systems. These are raw materials appendages supplying the center, the endlessly exploited periphery. And there is a semi-periphery, where both are present. The countries of the center that export raw materials from the Third World do not leave a single chance for development for young states, since the economy of the exploited country is already disfigured by this unequal exchange. She will never rise from her knees and will never be successful.
Clash of civilizations
And more about cultures. There is another theory of the development of the world community, also one of the most interesting. Seven to eight major civilizations from those present in the modern world are examined there. Almost all of them belong to different civilizations. India. Russia. Japan. China. Europe. USA. Only the last two can be combined in some way, but even then not completely. And no less powerful group - Islamic states, incredibly crowded.
This alignment in regional politics has characteristics that are purely ethnic, and in global politics, these relations occur at the level of civilizations. Therefore, the largest, most dangerous conflicts do not arise at all on the basis of wealth or enrichment. The peoples are in conflict because they belong to different cultures. The confrontation is multi-level: neighboring states, which represent different civilizations, and leading coalitions, which also belong to different civilizations, also fight. Now the question for sociologists is: is the globalization process so positive as they teach children in the 10th grade in social studies?
In Russia
The social changes in modern Russian society were influenced by both external and internal factors. The alignment of forces in the international arena has changed since the socialism system ceased to exist in the 90s, and the confrontation between different world systems ended, the military-strategic and geopolitical position of Russia became different. These are external factors. And the internal ones are known to everyone - these are tactical and strategic mistakes of the “young reformers”.
As a result, the country's starting positions turned out to be extremely unprofitable, plus the originality of our people, which is quite strongly opposed to globalization. Nevertheless, the idea of an international system in our country has gradually been replaced by an idea of a global system, and this means that certain processes of globalization are, unfortunately, taking place with us. What is happening in the country cannot be explained in any way by the traditional logic of independent national communities, since development takes place in a completely different way.
Globalization of the economy
Sociologists, guided in their research on advanced industrial communities, presented two processes of globalization, but their colleagues studying the “third world” found a third process. The first is the globalization of production capacities. The end of the twentieth century is characterized by the expansion of capitalism, its transformation into a global economy, where transnational corporations "rule the ball."
Still would! The revenues of not the largest transnational corporation are many times greater than the economy of a small European country. TNCs conduct global activities without any control, and internal operations and transactions with each other are integrated into global economic activity.
Globalization of culture
This is the second process. Localized cultures are currently losing their own diversity, and any somewhat vivid national features are replaced by a kitsch of consumerism. It has already been said about how it has spread in the world, replacing or more than substantially complementing almost all national cultures. Very effectively, all the most advanced consumer strategies through marketing and other sales and advertising activities are distributed up to the most "bearish" corners of the world.
All the most popular and large media outlets are also operated mainly by transnational corporations, who understand how effective PR is in the globalization of human society. The field of telecommunications becomes extremely homogeneous due to technological changes, consumer culture “averages” the vision of the world, since it has almost completely mastered the ability to manipulate human desires.
Global system
The third process is a sociological process in which the entire global system is involved. Sociologists studying the "third world" noted that the international managerial bourgeoisie is showing signs of life, that is, a transnational capitalist class has appeared. Numerous studies have found that in the countries of the "third world" there are "comprador" groups, tightly connected by interests with transnational corporations, and the justification for cooperation with them promises benefits for their own country.
It is with their light hand that the dominance of consumer culture is affirmed everywhere. The concept of a new transnational capitalist class is still not well defined and justified, since the sociology of globalism has not yet been sufficiently formed - the process is moving forward so fast that science cannot keep up with it. In fact, both of them are newcomers. And globalization, and the science that studies it. However, the first is much more successful.
conclusions
It must be recognized that the process of globalization of human society has become irreversible, and the transformation of the world economy into a single space, into a single zone will not stop and will not turn back. This can be seen through an analysis of the globalization process, which is presented in the theory and methodology of foreign and domestic literature.
The world covers a single economic, political, sociocultural, information space, where information, services, goods, capital, as well as poverty, vices, diseases and lack of culture can freely move. What happens is what the famous American of Japanese descent, political scientist and philosopher Francis Fukuyama in 1989 called the "end of history."