The organs of the abdominal cavity of a person are limited to the abdominal wall from the sides and front, behind - by the vertebrae of the lower back and muscles. Below them is a small pelvis, above them is the diaphragm.
The organs of the abdominal cavity of a person include the liver, digestive tract, gall bladder, spleen, adrenal glands, ureter, kidneys. Their blood supply is through blood vessels. Diseases affecting the organs of the abdominal cavity of a person are treated by surgeons, urologists, gastroenterologists.
Abdominal anatomy
The structure of its wall includes muscles, connective tissue formations (fascia and aponeurosis), fatty tissue. The organs of the abdominal cavity of a person maintain a vertical position due to the muscles of the anterior wall (abdominal press). In addition, the muscles protect the internal organs from mechanical influences.
The stomach is located in the upper part of the peritoneum on the left. This body is responsible for food processing. Depending on its amount, the size and shape of the stomach may vary. It has a generally bag-like appearance. The entrance to the organ is located at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, and the exit from it is in the region of the twelfth thoracic or first lumbar vertebra. The stomach is divided into the cardiac part (inlet), body, bottom, outlet.
From the exit from the stomach to the anus, an area of the digestive tube called the intestine passes. Through its walls, the majority of nutrients are absorbed from food.
The spleen is a separate organ of the lymph system. However, its location leads to a closer connection with the circulatory system. The spleen has an elongated body and is located in the deep part of the left hypochondrium. It plays a very important role in the exchange process, in particular, in the exchange of iron.
At the top of the abdominal cavity to the right is the liver. It is considered the largest gland in the body. Using ligaments, the liver is attached to the abdominal wall, diaphragm, intestines and stomach. The organ is covered with a fibrous membrane (thin glisson capsule). The liver has a soft but dense structure. She is reddish brown. This organ is divided into four lobes: the larger right, smaller left, even smaller caudate and square lobes. The most important functions of the liver include bile formation and bile secretion.
The gall bladder belongs to the digestive system. It has a hollow structure and performs the function of accumulating and concentrating bile, regulating and maintaining a constant level of bile pressure in the ducts. The organ is located on the right hepatic lobe in its lower section. The shape of the gallbladder is pear-shaped, rarely conical. Due to the extensibility of the wall, the organ is able to accommodate up to two hundred milliliters of fluid.
Near the spine on both sides in the abdominal cavity is a paired organ - the kidneys. It performs the function of removing the final products formed during the metabolism, and water from the body.
The adrenal glands are located in the retroperitoneal tissue over the upper areas of the kidneys. Their brain substance is responsible for the release of norepinephrine and adrenaline into the blood. In the cortex, lipid production occurs.
One of the most informative, accessible, painless and safe of all non-invasive methods for diagnosing diseases is ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. Preparation for the study includes refusing to eat eight hours before the study. Two to three days before it, it is recommended to exclude products that increase gas formation and contain a large amount of fat from the diet. Prescribe drugs that reduce gas formation in the intestine.