The curriculum is the basic document on the basis of which any teacher works. After the changes that were made to the system of domestic education, innovations also touched on the subject areas considered in the framework of school education.
Modern tendencies
In the new conditions, the working curriculum on the subject should have a different content. Other requirements are imposed on the teacher himself. If earlier he was a translator of knowledge, skills, then in modern realities, the teacher becomes a mentor, helping children independently acquire ZUN (knowledge, skills,), improve UUD (universal educational actions).
Structure
What elements does the work program include? There are certain requirements for its design. An explanatory note is drawn up first. It notes the features of the course, indicates the main goals and objectives that the teacher sets himself. Since the curriculum is a document, those methods and techniques that allow the teacher to realize their goals and objectives are noted in it. After the introduction of new standards in Russian education, the content of the program has changed.
In addition to methodological planning, a working curriculum in any subject should contain a section with expected results.
A compulsory element is also educational and thematic planning, in which the teacher indicates the names of topics, sections of the program, basic structural units, homework, types of work in each lesson.
The GEF curriculum involves the allocation at each lesson of those universal educational skills that a student should master.
Normative base
All training educational programs developed for Russian educational institutions are based on the state standard component, the basic curriculum and the list of textbooks that are recommended for use by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Education", and the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
On the basis of the federal curriculum, as well as those plans that operate in each specific educational organization, the teacher indicates the number of hours for the subject.
Chemistry Program Option
For this subject, the curriculum is not only an explanatory note, planned results, lesson planning, but also a mandatory list of practical and laboratory work. So, within the framework of the new generation of GEF in the course of chemistry of the eighth grade, it is planned to conduct 7 practical classes, 6 laboratory experiments. The course is designed for 68 hours (two hours a week).
The number of tests - 4.
Goals and objectives of the chemistry course
What is a chemical entity? The curriculum is designed so that the guys master the skills of the safe use of chemicals.
Objectives:
- mastering basic chemical knowledge about the composition and properties of compounds;
- the formation of cognitive interest and intellectual abilities in the framework of self-knowledge;
- acquisition of information processing skills from various sources;
- nurturing a caring attitude to one’s health and wildlife;
- the formation of skills in the safe use of materials in everyday life;
- familiarity with the algorithms for conducting laboratory experiments and experiments
Since the curriculum is a complex of various actions, it should be noted that its implementation is possible with the use of various educational technologies: design and research activities, an activity approach, individual training, and problematic methods.
In modern realities, schoolchildren are trained as part of the formation of computer competence, therefore, in his work, a chemistry teacher uses a lot of multimedia presentations, video and audio recordings.
Quality control of assimilation by students involves conducting independent and control work in a test and classical form.
The priority areas in the subject of “chemistry” according to the educational standards of the second generation are the following elements:
- independent and motivated organization of one’s own cognitive activity, starting from setting the goal of work, ending with analysis of the result;
- the use of structural, functional and causal analysis elements;
- drawing up the simplest relationships between the properties of a substance and its fields of application;
- own selection of criteria for comparative analysis, comparison, assessment, selection of objects;
- the ability to motivate and thoroughly prove their reasoning, find evidence.
To summarize
Serious changes are currently being observed in the domestic educational system. They touched not only the curriculum, in which new subjects appear, but also the content and structure of educational programs used by teachers in their professional activities.
Certain requirements are imposed on subject programs, regulated not only by the requirements of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, but also by local documents adopted at the level of an educational organization. Regardless of the subject matter, each teacher develops a curriculum, draws up lesson planning - all this is approved by the methodological association of teachers, certified by the head of the school.