What are called structural diagrams? Why are they being developed? In what conditions? Structural schemes of computers, enterprises and management - what are their features? All this will be considered in detail in the framework of the article.
What are structural diagrams?
They determine the main functional parts that the product, enterprise or unit will have. The issues of purpose and relationship are also being explored.
The stage of development of structural schemes is carried out at the initial
stages of design. As a result, the principle of action should be displayed in the most generalized form.
What gives an idea?
The block diagram does not take into account the location of the constituent parts. Also, the method of communication between them is not indicated. Structural diagrams of divisions, enterprises, electronic machines should give an idea of:
- Constituents.
- The sequence of interaction of the individual functional parts of the object that is being considered. They are depicted as rectangles with graphical symbols. They, as well as the type and name of the object, fit into the geometric shape.
To indicate the course of processes that occur, use arrows. They connect the functional parts. On simple circuits, a linear way of displaying from left to right is usually used. Where there are several working channels, use parallel horizontal placement.
What to do when working with complex systems?
If there are many functional parts, then the elements can be denoted by single digits in order. In this case, it is necessary to make a list of decryption. But the disadvantage of this scheme is the deterioration of visibility. Moreover, detailing can be carried out, which consists in the fact that for each functional part a separate structural scheme is developed. It also indicates the characteristics, diagrams and explanatory labels. Certain parameters for individual points can also be indicated. So, structural electrical circuits may contain values of voltages, currents, pulses and other properties. Data is usually placed on a free field or near graphic symbols. The result is included in the
operational documentation so that future maintenance staff can familiarize themselves with the facility.
Scheme classification
It is carried out depending on the goals and object. So, allocate:
- Organizational. These include structural schemes of enterprises, organizations, political parties and so on.
- Technical This includes structural electrical circuits of computers, production machines and so on.
How is the construction done?
Structures are usually designed from top to bottom. That is, the goal and the final result are first distinguished, and then they are disassembled into separate parts of which the circuit will consist. In the form of a list, the design steps can be represented as follows:
- The object is divided horizontally into broad functional blocks.
- The correlation of rights and opportunities of influence is established.
- The responsibilities of each entity are determined.
To consolidate knowledge, we propose to consider the structural diagrams of the organization. We will also look at how it is managed.
Organizational structure of the enterprise
Its feature is that it must be able to adapt to changes that occur in the external environment. It must be understood that the organizational structure of the enterprise is called the set of links (units) and relations between them. Its formation is influenced by such factors:
- Field of activity.
- Type, nomenclature and assortment of products.
- The legal form of the enterprise.
- The scale of the company (calculated in terms of production, headcount, cash income).
- Sales markets where the company operates or where it goes when performing its business activities.
- Technologies that are used in the production process.
- Information flows that circulate within the company and beyond.
- The degree of provision of resources for production.
Types of department structures
The success of the enterprise depends on the quality of their organization. Structural schemes of units can be as follows:
- Linear.
- Functional.
- Line staff.
- Divisional.
- Linear functional.
- Matrix.
Linear circuit
Characteristic for her is the presence of a vertical type of bonds. There is a senior manager who manages the linear. They, in turn, give orders to the performers. Of course, the structure can be significantly complicated. So, you can add individual functional units. But this is typical for large companies. The linear structure is built on the basis of the allocation and transfer of functions to specific people or units. Structural management schemes of this type are simple and allow you to specify responsibilities, but require qualifications.
Functional diagram
The organization is divided into individual elements that solve a certain type of problem (finance, production, service). There are inter-level and vertical links. But a significant drawback is a certain blurring of the functions of the leader. This type of organization is highly specialized, but not flexible enough.
Line-head circuit
Almost no different from the first type. But there is one caveat - there is a special headquarters (board of directors, consultants and others) that give recommendations to senior management on how to act in order to get the best result. An important advantage of this type is that before making a decision, the pros and cons are carefully weighed. Therefore, the possibility of carrying out actions that will have negative consequences is reduced.
Division scheme
Used in large companies to eliminate related management problems. According to this scheme, the distribution of responsibilities is done by region of work or product categories. Division divisions, in turn, are divided into smaller component parts according to one of the options presented here.
Line Functional Diagram
Here the separation goes along the links. The main channels are linear. But there are additional connections that are functional in nature. A significant drawback of this scheme is the presence of several managers. Therefore, for a clear and well-coordinated work, a precisely regulated system of priorities is needed.
Matrix circuit
Its essence lies in the fact that in existing structures create temporary working groups, to which personnel from the entire enterprise can be subordinated. This organizational approach is used to accelerate a certain type of tasks to accelerate something (new products, updating fixed assets, etc.).
Conclusion
So we examined the basic structural schemes of enterprises and units. As part of the article, you already have a common understanding of the state of affairs, so there will be no difficulties in interpreting this concept.