Math tasks are rarely given to children who are in elementary school the first time. This is due to the fact that many parents pay little attention to preschool education of children, the development of their logical thinking. In addition, many teachers are not able to interest students, to justify the need for the subject in the future, to correctly, consistently and clearly present the material. As a result, the child not only does not know how to solve problems, he does not even want to learn how to do it. This can only be fixed in one way. The child needs to be interested, give him motivation and incentive to develop. To do this, you must do everything possible so that the student understands that he has every chance to master this science.
Peterson Lyudmila Georgievna and her methodology
Peterson is a Russian educator. She has achieved great success in her field of activity. Thanks to her pedagogical talent, Lyudmila Georgievna wrote several textbooks that won the hearts of many teachers and parents. They are designed for students. The book on how to teach a child how to solve problems in mathematics (Grade 3) was recently released by L. Peterson, but it has already become relevant and in demand. Similar textbooks can be found for the rest of the elementary school classes .
The technique is based on the fact that children do not just memorize concepts and formulas, trying to substitute numbers in them. They analyze, compare data, look for the right solution, learn to follow the algorithms. This way of learning is based on the fact that children independently come to the correct answer. It embodies both mathematical tasks and the psychological approach to learning.
In a book on how to teach a child to solve problems in mathematics (Grade 2), L. Peterson included tasks that help to check how much the student has learned the program. The textbooks for all subsequent classes also have a practical part.
How to teach a child to solve problems in mathematics: Grade 1
Solving math problems is sometimes difficult, even for an adult. And a child in first grade may even despair when he realizes that he is unable to cope with this science. You should understand that the kid only recently crossed the threshold of the school for the first time, if you do not support him and help him master the school curriculum, he may doubt his mental abilities.
It is important for a first grader that you:
- periodically told him that he would succeed;
- helped him with solving problems;
- praised him when he reaches the goal;
- motivated him for new feats.
At this age, the main goal of the child is to please you, to show that he is worthy of you, that he is no worse than other children. Therefore, when working with a first grader, pay attention to the psychological aspect. In teaching a child of this age, one should participate much more often than in the school life of a second-grader or third-grader.
To teach you how to solve the problems of a primary school student, use the recommendations below.
We analyze the essence of the task
The first thing to do while sitting with a child is to parse the content of the task. You must clearly understand to which topic, group the task relates, what formulas should be used in the decision. This information should be explained as clearly as possible to the child. Be patient, you may need to repeat everything more than once.
As a rule, the course of its solution proceeds from the content of the task. If the student learns to understand what is required of him, it will not be difficult for him, if he has the necessary knowledge, to solve any practical task.
Teach your child to make a decision plan
Not always a student is able to consistently consider all possible solutions. Parents do not know how to teach a child how to solve math problems. Grade 2, for example, is filled with children who are not able to be patient, concentrate on a certain algorithm. The same goes for first graders. Therefore, you need to teach your child to make a decision plan.
The student must understand that first a brief condition of the problem is written, then a drawing is made, formulas are written out, a solution technique is selected. In parallel with this, constantly remind the child that logical thinking almost always leads to the correct answer, so you can rely on him too.
We proceed directly to the solution of the task
Explain to your child that you need to solve the problem strictly according to your plan. In elementary school, difficult tasks are rarely found. Usually they can all be solved by substituting numbers in the formulas. Explain to the student how to do this.
Also, the child must understand that everyone tends to make mistakes. Let him not be afraid to stumble and write the wrong decision. But he should not be lazy. If you get the wrong answer, you need to look for another way to the solution.
Solution Verification
The child should be able to verify the correctness of the selected solution. The most common verification technique is the application. This is a way of thinking in which the student imagines whether such an answer could be obtained or not, if the task was set not in the lesson, but in life.
You can also teach a student to draw up inverse problems. To do this, change the wording of the condition so that as a result you can get a number already known in advance. Solve this problem to verify the correct answer.
How to teach a child to solve problems in mathematics: Grade 3
You must understand that you can not constantly monitor the child during training. This will only lead to the fact that he will no longer think logically, because he will constantly rely on the mental abilities of the father and mother. His psychology will work in such a way that he will even think that he does not need it, but only you need it.
If you have successfully taught a child to solve problems in grades 1 and 2, then a third-grader must do this on his own. He may turn to you for help, conduct discussions, ask to verify the correctness of the assignment, but he must delve into the essence of it independently. This is the most effective teaching methodology that will prepare the student for middle management.
Thus, your participation in the educational process of the child will lead to a positive result, if it is reasonable, moderate. Show patience, regulate your presence in the school life of the baby, follow the recommendations above, so that in the future the student will be able to independently analyze any phenomenon and find a solution to absolutely any task.