What does the abbreviation PSD mean? Deciphering it is obscure for people who are far from construction. In our article we will talk about design estimates, we will analyze the meaning of this concept and the composition of the documents included therein. This topic will be of interest to those who are planning the construction of individual housing or simply interested in the construction theme.
What is PSD. Decryption
Any construction requires a mass of paper for industrial purposes. Under the design and estimate documentation (such is the interpretation of the design documentation ) is meant a list of those documents that are installed in the normative order to ensure the implementation of the project and the disclosure of its essence.
All of it consists of materials having a text form or existing in the form of diagrams (drawings). Its task is to determine all types of solutions - architectural, functional-technological, structural, engineering-technical - in order to ensure the construction process (reconstruction) of objects or their parts, as well as in order to carry out major repairs.
This definition is contained in the provisions of the Town Planning Code (CC) of the Russian Federation. Throughout the entire life cycle of an erected or repaired object, the design and estimate documentation is the most important moment with which the construction organization deals. The beginning of any process of construction, reconstruction or repair is the development, coordination and examination of design and estimate documentation.
When is it required, and when not?
Its presence is absolutely necessary in case of construction, reconstruction or repair. IZHS objects (residential buildings, standing separately, having no more than three floors, the purpose of which is to live in one family) fall under the exception. In this case, it is not required to legislatively draw up the design and estimate documentation, but at the initiative of the developer it can be prepared.
For reference: according to the definition of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the objects of capital construction are buildings (structures), as well as structures at the stage of construction in progress, excluding temporary buildings, kiosks, awnings, etc.
What is included in these concepts
Buildings include building systems that have a volume, consisting of aboveground and (or) underground parts, which include premises, utilities and systems. Their purpose is accommodation and activities of people, production location, storage of products or keeping animals.
Construction - a system of volumetric, planar or linear type. It can also consist of aboveground, aboveground, as well as underground parts. Bearing and enclosing building structures, designed to carry out various types of production processes, storage of goods or products and temporary residence, constitute it.
As a general concept for buildings and structures, such a term as a structure is used. Sometimes it is of secondary importance. This includes farm buildings located mainly in summer cottages or intended for keeping pets or for auxiliary purposes.
Construction design and estimate documentation: legislative base
A contract (in other words, a contract) is that important document that governs the relationship between the customer and the contractor (construction organization). It determines the necessary amount of work and the conditions for their production, including the cost of design and estimate documentation. In the contract (its annexes) there is usually a link to the list of project documentation available for this object. It also defines liability for non-compliance with the conditions.
Even in the absence of such references, the contractor must clearly realize that, by law, he is obliged to comply with any design decisions during construction. Article 743 of the Civil Code explicitly requires him to strictly adhere to technical documentation that defines the content and scope of work, as well as other requirements, including estimates for repairs or construction.
If there are no other instructions in the contract, it is assumed that absolutely all of those specified in the technical documentation and cost estimate will be performed. According to the law, the contractor is responsible for the deviations made by him from the requirements stipulated in the design and estimate documentation. If during construction additional unaccounted work is discovered, the need for their implementation is agreed separately with the preparation of the corresponding budget documentation.
Deviation from the parameters of the construction or repair facility specified in the design documentation is allowed only on the basis of the newly approved version, as amended in the proper manner (Article 52 of the Town Planning Code).
Composition of the design and estimate documentation - decoding of the mandatory list
The requirements for what should be contained in each section of the PSD are determined at the legislative level. It is also regulated by the Town Planning Code. All the most important types of activities (construction, reconstruction, repair work) must be accompanied by a strictly standardized type and number of technical documents, the list of which is determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, adopted in February 2008.
Also this information is contained in Article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The aforementioned Regulation applies to both industrial and non-production facilities, and, in addition, applies to linear facilities (pipelines, railways and roads, power lines, etc.)
The aforementioned provision subdivides all design and estimate documentation into design and working documentation. These are not individual design stages, but various types of technical documents. According to accepted standards, design is carried out in one or two stages. The meaning of the second option is in the phased preparation of the necessary documents for the construction.
What are these stages
The first stage consists of choosing the type of object, working out its basic decisions, both architectural and planning, and constructive. Also, the method of construction and the schematic diagrams of all the main technological processes are selected, decisions regarding engineering equipment are worked out, a summary estimate is carried out, basic questions are solved regarding the organization of construction production.
After development, the documentation is sent for state examination with a general assessment and the necessary comments. Then the designer eliminates the identified deficiencies and submits the project for consideration or approval to the customer (investor).
The second stage of design consists of the development of working documentation (RD). It is here that the decisions made previously are refined and detailed. All the necessary working drawings, local estimates and other documents necessary for direct production are compiled.
Which method is better
The working documentation (RD) refers directly to the drawings, as well as text material, the use of which is provided for in the conditions of the construction site. As a rule, the documentation developed at the first stage is not transferred to the direct contractor.
The advantage of two-stage design is the minimum cost in the case of the need to process the design documentation (if the general solution was unsuccessful). Currently, this design method serves as the main one.
In contrast, in the case of one-stage design, it is customary to prepare the entire scope of design and estimate documentation immediately. It contains all the questions, both general and particular. This option is convenient in the case of a small amount of design work, for simple objects or as a standard project for mass and re-use.
The role of working documentation
The task of the working documentation as part of the design and estimate documentation is to provide the developed technical, architectural and technological solutions in the construction process. The sequence of development by the Regulation is not strictly regulated. That is, it is possible to perform it either simultaneously with the preparation of the entire design documentation, or after that.
The composition, volume and content are determined by the customer (developer), depending on what degree of detail he needs. A complete set of design and estimate documentation for major repairs or construction consists of design and working documentation that complement one another. Consider what is included in each of them.
Main sections of project documentation
It consists of an explanatory note, a project for the organization of construction, fire prevention measures, estimates for repairs or construction, and other main sections of the organization of the construction process. As part of the RD - necessary for work drawings with documents and specifications. Based on it, the adopted design decisions are implemented.
The abovementioned Regulation establishes the mandatory composition of the design and estimate documentation in the form of 12 sections - an explanatory note, a layout plan for the land plot, architectural decisions, as well as structural and spatial planning, information about engineering equipment and utility networks with a list of relevant measures and the necessary solutions for power supply, water supply and drainage, heating networks, heating, ventilation with air conditioning, as well as communication networks, gas supply systems and a subsection relating to technological solutions niy.
The remaining sections of the project documentation relate to the contents of the project for the organization of construction (demolition, dismantling), a list of environmental protection measures and fire prevention measures. Below we give a sample of design and estimate documentation - an agreement on the development of documentation (1 sheet).
Minor Sections
Additional sections provide for measures to ensure access for people with disabilities and compliance with the necessary requirements for equipping facilities under construction with instruments for accounting for the consumption of energy resources.
One of the most important sections (number 11) is the estimate documentation for the object under construction. The final section includes everything else that is not included in the main list and is prescribed by law.
If we are talking about the construction of a linear facility, then in the design documentation you can find 10 similar sections. Their content - from the design of the right of way, technological and structural solutions of the linear facility along with the buildings and structures that are part of its infrastructure, to the project of the organization of construction work with the need for demolition (dismantling) of existing structures.
Similarly, measures related to environmental protection and fire safety are provided. Of course, among the final and most important sections there is an estimate for construction work.
About the cost of PSD
The cost of construction and installation works is influenced by a huge number of various factors - from the construction region, the size of the facility being built, to the concrete prices of the contractor. Before making an estimate, a list of works is determined and the necessary volumes are calculated. To do this, it is desirable to have the most calculated specification, which is not always completed in full and on time.
Having such a document, a specialist will make an estimate without much difficulty. In the most general case (for any estimated volume), the cost of work on the design and estimate documentation in the price ratio will be 10% of the total cost of all work. At the same time, the minimum amount that will cost the development of any document starts at 3,000 rubles.
Estimation can be done according to the items listed in the specification or calculated for a certain amount of construction. In the latter case, the approximate cost of PSD can be presented in the form of the table below.
This option is also possible: there are necessary design solutions, but there is no certainty regarding the number of proposed positions. In this case, costing services may be indicated according to the following form:
If the construction is carried out in stages
If necessary, if requested by the customer, project documentation can be developed for each of the individual stages of the construction or reconstruction process (Article 48 of the Town Planning Code). This should be indicated in the design assignment.
The volume of design documentation for each stage of construction is developed taking into account the need for its implementation. The entire composition and content of its sections are required to meet the requirements established by the Basic Regulation.