Agricultural machinery is a special machine, the production of which is paid close attention to today, since the degree of cultivation of the land, the speed of harvesting or the performance of sowing work largely depend on the quality of their assembly. This whole set of operations ultimately determines the future harvest of farmers and farmers. This article will examine in detail the combine harvester Don. All of its features and technical nuances will be discussed below.
general information
"Don-1500B", the technical characteristics of which will also not be left without our attention, is nowadays an optimized machine that began to roll off the assembly line in Soviet times far from us. In the era of the USSR, it was this powerful unit that was the most popular in the country among machinery for harvesting grain and other agricultural crops. For two decades, Rostselmash (Rostov) produced this brand of combine, until in 2006 the era of new combines began, whose names are Vector and Acros.
Destination
The Don-1500B combine has been developed and is used to collect various crops by both direct and separate methods of harvesting in fields, plains, the slope of which does not exceed eight degrees. In some cases, the machine can be used to work with small seeds, cereals and legumes. The use of the harvester is allowed in all climatic zones, which is very convenient from a practical point of view, because such a wide range of applications makes the machine in a favorable light to potential buyers.
Distinctive features
The characteristic features that the Don-1500B combine is endowed with are:
- One drum.
- A straw walker equipped with five keys.
- High power engine.
- Capacious bunker for collecting and temporary storage of grain.
- The threshing scheme is a classic mill.
- The linear dimensions of the crank of the crankshaft are increased, and its rotation speed is also reduced.
- Don-1500B sieves are larger compared to similar parts of other combines.
- The drum pulley received a wider range of its speeds.
- Header drive has become reverse.
- The presence of a special deck made it possible to eliminate sticking while working with wet grain.
It is also worth pointing out the presence of a drive axle with increased strength and a fast-working unloading mechanism. In addition, if necessary, the machine can be equipped with a stacker, hood, chopper.
The finger eccentric mechanism has a very thoughtful mount, which is deeply recessed in a high-strength steel case of the screw. This design feature allows you to completely eliminate the winding of something during a thorough harvest. The cutting apparatus itself can work in two versions: with open fingers and closed fingers.
Advantages
Don-1500B, the technical characteristics of which make it one of the sales leaders in the agricultural machinery market, is endowed with the following undeniable positive qualities:
- Tires with low pressure and high lugs are installed on its wheels. This allows the unit not to immerse even in very moist and viscous earth during prolonged operation.
- The harvester motor is very economical.
- The impressive diameter of the threshing drum allows you to handle even wet ears of a sufficiently large size.
- To protect the threshing mechanism from clogging, a special system for lowering the so-called concave and its high-speed discharge is provided.
- It is possible to mount the header in three sizes. Moreover, the design of this working body is so thought out that it allows you to well copy all the existing irregularities of the soil. Replacing the header is quick and without any difficulties for the staff.
- Ergonomic, spacious driver's cab, which is well protected from noise, moisture and dust. It also has air conditioning to maintain a normal microclimate and provide a comfortable environment for the employee.
- The increased size of the grain tank. This feature makes it less likely to customize cars for transporting the harvest to the combine, which also leads to fuel savings during harvesting.
- The harvester was specially developed for the domestic agricultural industry and therefore is often much more efficient in operation, in comparison with foreign analogues. Spare parts for agricultural machinery of this type also have a relatively low cost.
- Simplicity and ease of repair. Many machine operators very often repair the machine on their own in the field without resorting to outside help.
Negative qualities
Fortunately, there are very few shortcomings in the car, or rather, there are only two of them:
- Due to the proximity of the power unit to the operator's cab, the driver receives a stream of hot air.
- Foreign combines nevertheless have a higher level of reliability and comfort, and also have a greater number of various auxiliary functions, which affects their price.
Brake system
“Don-1500B” (the technical characteristics of the machine make it the leader in sales on the domestic market) is equipped with a special parking brake, which is controlled by a lever with a button that closes the dog lock. In order to stop the combine, you will need to pull the lever towards you until the third (fourth) click. The brake is released by moving the lever up with a parallel push of a button.
In addition, the machine is equipped with hydraulic disc-type brakes , which are installed on each wheel separately. The brakes are mounted on final drives and driven by pedals, the height of which is regulated by the fork of the brake hydraulic cylinder. An important nuance: separate braking is undesirable to apply on hard roads, as it is designed to work on wet, soft ground.
Hydraulic system
The combine’s hydraulic drive is represented by three subsystems:
- Drive to control the chassis.
- Steering gear.
- A hydraulic system of working mechanisms, which is equipped with a minimum number of trunk pipelines, and also has spool type valves, controlled both hydraulically and mechanically. This system controls the rotation of the auger, reel, reaper, grinder, cranks the threshing drum, cleans the air duct.
Steering system
The steering wheel of the combine is connected to the hydraulic system, and that is why its rotation does not require the application of significant physical effort on the part of the operator. The steering wheel can be adjusted directly to the height of the driver. For this, a collet clamp is used. Using a special pedal, you can also adjust the steering angle within 5-30 degrees.
Running gear
The drive axle of the combine is controlled by hydraulics, and this, in turn, allows you to adjust the speed of movement steplessly, regardless of the speed range. This fact provides good maneuverability of the car. The hydraulic motor is mounted on the shaft of the gearbox (it is mechanical, three-way, has 4 modes when moving forward and one for moving backward).
The driven axle is also hydraulically driven. The clutch of the combine is dry, single-disc, with a spring of a diaphragm type. The tires of the car are equipped with deep treads that provide it with excellent maneuverability and self-cleaning.
A few words about the reaper
Reaper consists of:
- Cutting mechanism.
- The balancing mechanism.
- Drive gear.
- Dividers.
- Reel (joins with the help of four bipods).
- Auger.
The front part of the header is equipped with shoes for the exact copying of the underlying surface (soil). Header transportation is carried out on a special trolley.
As for the cutting mechanism, it can be with both open and double fingers. The reel is equipped with a pair of eccentrics and is controlled by two synchronously moving hydraulic cylinders. The tilt of the rake is automatically adjusted. The size of the screw is increased, the size of which is 590 millimeters.
Electrical system
The electrical equipment system of the machine is single-wire and operates on direct current with a voltage of 24 Volts. An alternator and an integrated rectifier are also available. A characteristic feature of the electrical circuit of the unit is the presence of an automatic control system for all technological processes and the technical condition of the main components and parts, including control of the Don-1500B grinder and its rotation speed, as well as screws, straw packer, engine, hydraulic oil temperature system, water. In total, the automatic system provides detailed information on 22 parameters. The combine will be notified of any deviations by means of light and sound alarms.
Harvester Technical Parameters
Don-1500B (technical specifications are given below) is endowed with such indicators:
- Header Type - PowerStream.
- The header width is 6, 7, 9 m.
- The speed of the knife - 946 slices per minute.
- The reel rotates at a frequency of 15-49 rpm.
- The diameter of the threshing drum is 800 mm.
- The length of the drum is 1484 mm.
- The drum rotates at a speed of 445 rpm to 900 rpm.
- Coverage angle - 130 degrees.
- The total concave area is 1.38 square meters. m
- Five-key straw walker.
- The straw walker has a length of 4.1 meters.
- Separation area - 6.15 square meters. m
- The total area of sieves is 4.74 square meters. m
- The cleaning fan is six-blade.
- The fan rotates at a frequency of 380 to 1000 rpm.
- The Don-1500B engine is a four-stroke, liquid-cooled, turbo-charged engine.
- The motor model is YaMZ-238AK.
- Power - 173 kW (235 hp)
- Nominal fuel consumption - 162 g / l. with. h
- The fuel tank has a capacity of 540 liters.
- The capacity of the grain tank is 6 cubic meters. m
- Unloading height - 2900 mm.
- Hopper discharge speed - 42 l / s.
- The length of the harvester in transport position with the header is 17500 mm.
- The width of the machine is 4400 mm.
- Height - 3980 mm.
- Weight with header (without header) - 12,590 kg (10,990 kg).
- The speed of the combine (first range) is 0-5 km / h.
- Riding speed (second range) - up to 10 km / h.
- Transport speed - up to 20 km / h.
- The pressure in the leading tires is 1.7 atm.
- The pressure in the steered tires is 1.5 atm.
- The clearance between the combine and the road is 370 mm.
- The gauge of the driving wheels is 2800 mm.
- The gauge width of the steered wheels is 2900 mm.
Repairs
Repair work carried out with the combine should be carried out on the basis of the relevant technical documentation approved by the manufacturer. When performing routine maintenance, repairs, and even a standard visual inspection, you should always adhere to a sequence that will not only allow you to carry out the specified types of work qualitatively, but also protect the repair personnel or the driver of the machine from possible injuries. The harvester is also very convenient in that all its parts are unified and standardized, and therefore the replacement of a failed assembly is greatly simplified. In this case, the selection of a new part will take a minimum of time.
Cost
Note that the Don-1500B, the price of which may vary depending on its technical condition, is extremely difficult to find today, since it has been produced in a new version for several years. If we talk about the secondary market, then the cost of the combine, used, ranges from 10,000 to 20,000 US dollars. It is important to remember: before purchasing such a machine, it is necessary to conduct a thorough visual inspection and test it in practice, so that after purchase you will not find an unpleasant surprise in the form of broken parts and defectively functioning components. And although spare parts for agricultural machinery of this type can be found without problems, they are also very expensive.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about the manufacturer of the above-described combine. “Rostselmash” (Rostov) today has occupied a significant niche in the global market for sales of cleaning equipment and produces about 20% of all such machines. At various trading and production sites in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Canada, the USA, 24 types of agricultural machinery are produced and sold, including the best models of combines and other harvesting machines. In addition, the company produces a line of lubricants and coolants for its equipment and sells it at very affordable prices for customers.
In general, agricultural machinery, the manufacturers of which strive to constantly improve the quality of their goods due to high competition, today are high-tech machines that can not only effectively fulfill the functions assigned to it, but significantly facilitate the work of agricultural workers.