The legislation of the Russian Federation adopted a number of normative acts establishing the classification procedure for working professions, as well as positions of employees. What is the purpose of these sources of law? Which of them are among the most popular at Russian enterprises?
Classification of Occupations and Positions: Regulatory Regulation
The list of professions and positions is officially fixed in the legislation of Russia. More precisely - in the Classifier OK 016-94, which was adopted by the State Standard of the Russian Federation in 1994. Subsequently, the state Classifier of posts and professions was supplemented by various provisions. Along with the indicated source of law, the Russian legislator adopted other regulatory acts defining various lists of working positions. Among them is the Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 21, 2001 No. 511 / 13-13. Through this NLA, the legislator approved a list of occupations of employees in educational organizations.
One way or another, the Classifier OK 016-94 is still considered one of the key sources of law. It is part of the Unified System for Collecting Statistical Information. Let us consider in more detail the specifics of using such a source as the all-Russian classifier of professions OK 016-94.
All-Russian classifier OK 016-94: application features
It can be noted that the document in question was developed instead of a source of similar purpose - the All-Union Classifier, in which lists of professions, positions, and also tariff categories were given. This source was thus developed back in the USSR. The new document, in turn, was intended to reflect the specifics of the personnel of enterprises operating in a market economy in modern Russia.
Classifier OK 016-94 is designed to solve such problems as:
- estimation of the number of employees of enterprises,
- accounting for the composition, as well as the distribution of specialists in various categories, qualifications, working conditions,
- determination of the need for specialists competent in a particular field.
The document in question was adopted, as we noted above, in 1994, but remains valid even now. Of course, it periodically requires adjustments to be made, through which a list of new professions and positions that correspond to the positions that appear during the development of the national economy is formed. The legislator, as can be traced by examining the various revisions of the Classifier, tries to take this regularity into account and supplements the relevant document with new standards.
The classifier of posts and professions, approved by the State Standard, is used primarily as a statistical tool - in order to take into account the number of citizens who carry out labor activity in a particular industry by state bodies. Information about each working citizen is thus recorded in the accounting system maintained by the competent authority. As a result, the state has information on how many citizens work in a particular segment of the economy.
Information about working employees, in accordance with the lists, which includes the All-Russian classifier of professions, is provided to the competent state authorities in the manner prescribed by law. Accountants or specialists of personnel services of enterprises may be responsible for sending reporting documents containing the necessary information.
Application of the Classifier in large and small enterprises
In most cases, the need for a detailed study of the provisions of the Classifier arises in large enterprises. This, as a rule, is due to the presence in them of departments that perform a variety of production functions. So, for some structural divisions it may be necessary to compile a list of dangerous professions for calculating benefits and compensation of employees. Other departments of the company may be required to determine which employees may be highly qualified specialists, taking into account the lists recorded in the Classifier.
In practice, the provisions of the document in question can also be applied when formalizing labor relations with employees of the company. Information, which includes an officially fixed list of professions and positions, can be used to correctly draw up contracts, to indicate the specific position of the employee in the relevant documents, as well as in work books. This method of applying the Classifier characterizes the work of personnel services of not only large enterprises, but also small businesses. If the company needs to draw a person to a fairly rare position, it is important to correctly reflect it in the documents fixing the labor relationship between the employee and the employer.
Now let us consider in more detail how the state Classifier is structured, which reflects the list of professions and positions.
Classification structure of posts and professions
The classifier, which records the list of working professions and positions, consists of 2 main elements:
- a section on the professions of workers;
- a section about employees.
The first section reflects a list, therefore, of the professions of workers according to the criteria that are defined in the Unified Directory of Jobs and Professions, as well as those positions, rights and obligations for which are recorded in the charters, regulations and decrees that govern the various characteristics of professions in other segments of the economy.
The second section, which reflects information about the positions of employees, is formed on the basis of the criteria recorded in the Unified Nomenclature of the relevant positions, as well as in the Qualification Guide for senior positions, positions of specialists and employees.
In addition, another relevant approved list of professions in the field of normative regulation of labor relations may be involved. As regards, in particular, the names of civil servants - they are applied in accordance with separate by-laws.
The positions present in the Classifier are represented by 3 blocks:
- identification;
- containing the name of the object;
- informational.
It can be noted that the identification block is formed based on the specifics of the object coding system. It contains 5 decimal places, as well as a control number, which is calculated on the basis of the methods provided for by the special technique.
The main element of the Classifier is a table, which records, in fact, a list of professions and positions, as well as the codes that are set for them. Consider its structure in more detail.
Table as the main element
So, the table contains the names of professions, specialties, as well as codes that correspond to them. At the same time, they can include 6 different types of values that are written in separate columns.
In the first, the code by the Classifier is fixed. He is a five-digit. The first digit can be represented by a range of 1-4. If the code 1 or 3 is selected, this means that the working profession is reflected. If code 2 or 4 is selected, the service position is indicated. The remaining numbers reflect information about a particular area of human activity.
The second column shows the control number. It can be represented in a range from 0 to 9.
The fourth column of the table, which includes the official list of professions and positions, reflects the rank that an employee must have in order to fulfill his job duties. The data here may be given in a specific meaning or within a given range.
The fifth column displays the number corresponding to the issue of the Unified Qualification Handbook.
The sixth column displays the code corresponding to the Classifier of classes. It is a source, to some extent supplementing the list in question, but, as experts say, is inferior to it in informativeness. The corresponding code is indicated by a four-digit number. It can be noted that the term “occupation” according to a special Classifier is characterized by a greater capacity than the concept of “profession”. Therefore, one and the same occupation may correspond to several professions, which will include an official list of types of work and professions.
Directly the list of positions is fixed in the third column of the classifier - in alphabetical order. The relevant items are divided into 2 groups - by working professions, as well as by positions of employees.
As for the information blocks in which information on working professions is reflected, the presence of special codes - faceted ones is supposed in them. Consider their specifics in more detail.
Facet Codes for Workers
The codes in question reflect the correspondence of the profession to one or another issue number of the Unified Qualification Guide, as well as to the positions of the Classifier of occupations. In the information block of the list under consideration there are 7 facets that reflect the conformity of professions on such grounds as:
- type of production or work - in relation to the issues of the Unified Qualification Handbooks (facet 01, its duration is 2 digits);
- tariff categories (facet 02, its duration is 1 character);
- classes or categories of employee qualifications (facet 03, its duration is 1 character);
- forms and mechanisms of remuneration (facet 04, its duration - 2 characters);
- working conditions (facet 05, its duration is 1 character);
- level of mechanization of labor activity (facet 06, its duration is 1 sign);
- derivative professions (facet 07, its duration is 1 character).
Job Code: Example
For example, the profession of a turner will be presented in a code that will consist of the following numbers:
- 1 - this indicator reflects the fact that it is the working profession that is coded;
- 9149 - this figure shows that we are talking about the profession of a turner;
- 6 - this figure is a control number;
- 02 - the corresponding indicator indicates that the profession is related to the 2nd issue of the Unified Qualification Handbook;
- 7223 - this figure reflects the conformity of the profession to the basic group related to the Classifier of occupations;
- 5 - the corresponding indicator reflects the fact that a person needs to have a 5th tariff category;
- 12 - this figure shows that the piecework-bonus payroll scheme is applied to employees;
- 1 - the corresponding indicator reflects that the working profession is characterized by normal working conditions;
- 2 - this figure indicates that a person carries out his labor activity through machines and mechanisms.
It turns out that the turner profession code generated on the basis of the criteria that are reflected in the Classifier will look like 19149602722351212.
Similarly, faceted codes list of professions of the Russian Federation also provides for the classification of positions of employees. Consider them.
Faceted codes for employees according to the Classifier
In this case, we are talking about codes that reflect the category of position - they contain 1 character, as well as indicating a specific position according to the Classifier of occupations, in which 4 characters are fixed.
Through 3 facets, positions are reflected on such grounds as:
- category (facet 10, which is represented by 1 sign);
- derived positions (facet 11, represented by 2 characters);
- categories or qualification classes (facet 12, represented by 1 character).
It can be noted that facets 11 and 12 are selected based on the specifics of a particular position. So, in derivative positions qualification is not fixed. Therefore, only facet 11 is selected for the relevant posts.
Employee Position Code: Example
For example, a position such as a deputy head of the financial and economic department of an enterprise will have a code consisting of indicators such as:
- 2 - indicating the position;
- 4695 - reflecting the fact that we are talking about the position of head of department;
- 1 - used as a control number;
- 1 - reflecting the fact that we are talking about the category of managers in the enterprise;
- 1231 - indicating the relationship of the position with the corresponding base group in the Classifier of occupations;
- 03 - reflecting the fact that it is a derivative position.
The relationship of OK 016-94 and Classifier classes
It can be noted that between the objects of the Classifier, which was introduced by the Decree of the Gosstandart on the approval of the list of professions and positions, and those that are present in the Classifier of occupations, it is assumed that there are links that allow the first to be assigned to a particular group within the list to which the second belong . That is, each position - a worker or an employee, as a rule, can be assigned to a certain category of occupations.
However, it should be noted: taking into account the fact that such concepts as “occupation”, “profession”, and also “position” differ significantly from each other, the employee of the personnel department of the enterprise who uses the Classifier in question may need to use explanations to individual groups of the Classification of occupations - in order to determine the unambiguous relationship with its objects of those positions that are provided for by the considered official list of professions and positions.