General is called education, confirmed by an educational institution with the issuance of an official document, certificate after graduation. The educational process consists in obtaining basic knowledge in various disciplines for the formation of a broad horizons, moral and ethical aspects and the choice of a future profession. Basic education is free, with the exception of private schools, publicly available and compulsory.
Russian training system
Modern institutions, based on the legislation of the country, have several levels. The Ministry of Education and Science divides them into high school, colleges and higher education institutions. Pre-school education in Russia is not compulsory, even if many families enroll children in public or private kindergartens.
Basic general secondary education begins at the age of 6 and lasts for 11 years, after which students can stay at an academic school, go through vocational training or go to look for work after receiving a certificate. After passing the exam, having received the results set on a 100-point scale, future students select universities for their specialty. It involves obtaining a bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree. Applicants pass entrance exams, according to the results of which admission to budget places or a paid basis is decided.
Types of Schools
Education in Russia takes place on a free basis, but the basic education system provides an opportunity to choose between two types of educational institutions: public and private.
The former are in demand in 98% of cases; in their choice, parents rely on general accessibility, personal experience and territorial location. The school offers a simple state program that covers all the necessary subjects for further education. The time for the disciplines is distributed equally.
Specialized educational institutions, such as lyceums, gymnasiums or schools with specialized study of specific subjects - humanitarian, physical, mathematical, historical or linguistic, provide services for a fee. Thanks to the additional hours allocated for an in-depth study of the main disciplines, students receive more complete knowledge in several areas compared to a public school.
Period of study
Basic education programs include training in general subjects, focused on ethical and moral aspects, studying the country's culture, global culture - they lay the foundation for future specialists and broaden their horizons. Training takes place in special classes, divided by age categories.
- Preschool education. Children from 2 months to 7 years old can attend special institutions.
- Primary School. The first stage of training. Applicants have an age of 6 years.
- High school. Pupils from 11 to 15 years. The period of study is extended upon admission to grade 10 until reaching adulthood.
After receiving the certificate, as adults, former students can enter a higher educational institution or find work.
Preschool education
The overwork of parents or the usual desire to socialize a child in the outside world are pushing for consideration of the prospect of enrolling in kindergartens. A visit is not compulsory, but has a positive effect on the activity, communication, creative and sports skills of children. In kindergartens, a certain number of places is provided, and the stay is divided depending on the type of institution.
Many preschools charge a attendance fee. In state institutions, it is rather symbolic, and in private it can be a large amount. By law, fees for private kindergartens are limited to 20% of operating costs. Overcrowding in state kindergartens is observed in some areas, as demand exceeds supply.
Primary School
The first stage of training lasts for four classes, covering a wide program, general disciplines, acquaintance with Russian and foreign languages, prescribing, ethics training and active physical education. Basic education is compulsory schooling for 11 years.
Government agencies draw up a curriculum based on established standards. In-depth schools or private institutions may deviate from the program by introducing additional disciplines. So, developing skills, students get acquainted with the intricacies of a certain field from childhood.
high school
Obtaining a certificate will require passing through two steps. The first consists of compulsory education for five years. School subjects implement In school education, the basic list of subjects is standard. It includes the study of mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, history, the Russian language and literature, a foreign language, drawing, music, geography, culture. At the end, students are offered to attend the institution further or go to college on a competitive basis. At the end of last year, students take exams.
Pupils who graduated from grade 10 are preparing to enter the university the next two years.
Basic education is not only public schools, but also specialized gymnasiums and lyceums. They are funded by the government or are private. Institutions offer a more advanced curriculum. The standard duration of a lesson is doubled.
Grading system
Children must take a diary with them, where the student's academic achievements are made, homework is written, as well as teachers' comments on discipline violations. The work performed is evaluated on a scale of 2 to 5 points, where the latter is the highest mark.
School: role in the future formation of personality
Basic education is the means by which the goals and social norms of a group of people are passed on between generations. Teachers do not just teach information, but arouse interest in a certain area, pay attention to the characteristics of children, patiently treating failures. Mistakes are an integral part of the educational process, as they help build ideas about difficulties and stimulate work on them.
Thanks to a wide range of disciplines, modern training is aimed at identifying individual skills, creating a comfortable atmosphere in the classroom, developing communicative abilities and respect. Psychologists argue that basic education is a way to correctly educate children in perseverance, listening, perceiving a large amount of information, as well as tricky, compromise and act on the situation. The listed skills are necessary for universal application in life.