Today, our article will be devoted to the famous surgeon of the USSR, Vishnevsky Alexander Vasilievich. Consider his biography, life's ups and downs, and learn about how his memory is honored at present. Read all the details below.
The beginning of a medical career
The future famous doctor Alexander Vishnevsky was born in the small Dagestan village Novoaleksandrovka in the early autumn of 1874. Having matured, the young man entered the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University, which he successfully graduated in 1899. After this, he devoted the year of his life to work as a supernumerary resident in surgery at the Alexander Hospital (Kazan). In 1900, the young man was already a prospector of the Department of Surgery, from 1901 to 1904 he served as a prospector of the Department of Anatomy, and from 1904 to 1911 he worked as a privat-docent at the Department of Topographic Anatomy. It is known that in the fall of 1903 he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation.
Trips abroad
In 1905, by decision of his higher authorities, Alexander Vishnevsky was sent abroad to carefully study the methods of urological research. He spent the period 1908-1909 on another business trip, where he studied brain surgery and methods for examining the organs of the genitourinary system. During his stay in Germany, Alexander Vishnevsky, whose photo we see in the article, visited the clinics of famous surgeons (Kerte, Vira, Hildebrand). During a business trip to Paris, Alexander devoted himself to the study of neurosurgery. At the same time, he worked at the Pasteur Institute, and specifically at Mechnikov’s laboratory, where he managed to become the author of two scientific papers.
Homeland
Since 1910, Vishnevsky Alexander Vasilievich worked at Kazan University. Here he taught a course on general surgical pathologies and therapies together with V. Bogolyubov. A year later, Vishnevsky himself taught the course to students of the medical faculty. In the summer of 1912, a man became an extraordinary professor at the Department of Surgical Pathology. Since 1916, under the wing of the young professor was given the Department of Hospital Surgery.
War times
Vishnevsky Alexander Vasilievich - a surgeon who never hid from difficulties, but always walked towards them proudly and confidently. With the onset of war, he had to independently conduct two courses in a hospital clinic and surgical pathologies. At the same time, he still worked in the hospital of the Zemstvo Union as a senior doctor and consultant on medical issues in the hospitals of the Kazan Military District, exchange and merchant societies.
When the October Revolution ended in 1918, the man took an important position in the first Soviet hospital in Kazan - the position of senior doctor. About 8 years (from 1918 to 1926) was the head of the regional hospital of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After that, until 1934, the man headed the faculty of surgery at the University of Kazan.
Trace left
A. Vishnevsky is a surgeon, talented in everything, and now it will become clear why. He proved himself in a completely unusual field of activity - in administrative management, with which he coped perfectly. The peak of his activity fell on 1923-1940, because in this time period he wrote more than 40 scientific papers.
The hero of our article investigated a great many questions. He studied the work of the bile ducts, chest cavity, human urinary system, investigated the issues of neurosurgery, purulent processes in the body, surgery of military wounds, and also conducted many experimental physical studies.
In scientific circles, Vishnevsky Alexander Vasilievich is considered a classic of Soviet surgery. Interestingly, during his fruitful life, he wrote more than 100 voluminous scientific works devoted to the study of the work of the human body.
Vishnevsky A.V. is a Soviet surgeon who, observing the effect of novocaine on pathological processes, found out that he not only anesthetizes. He found that the substance has a very positive effect on reducing inflammatory processes, activating wound healing. Moreover, Alexander Vishnevsky became the creator of a whole scientific concept about how the human nervous system affects the treatment of inflammatory processes. Based on his observations, a talented doctor created unique methods of treating inflammation, such as a vagosympathetic block, novocaine block. His idea of combining an oil-balsamic dressing and novocaine made it possible to create a new method for the treatment of thrombophlebitis, carbuncles, spontaneous gangrene of the legs, trophic ulcers, abscesses, etc. In 1932, Alexander Vishnevsky published his monograph called “Local anesthesia by the creeping method infiltrate. "
During the Second World War, the methods of treatment and anesthesia proposed by Dr. A. Vishnevsky became a real discovery and saved thousands of soldiers. It was his method of anesthesia that was widely used by all Soviet doctors in operational activities, and brought the author great fame. Since the doctor did not make any secret from his discoveries, his knowledge became available not only to educated intellectual doctors, but even to doctors from the rural wilderness. At present, the term “oil-balsamic dressing” is almost never used, because Vishnevsky’s ointment, which he proposed back in 1927, replaced it.
Sunset career
In 1934, Alexander Vishnevsky came to Moscow and headed the surgical clinic of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies. Although the man had to leave his native Kazan, he left many talented students after himself. Among them there are 18 professors. As you know, at the Kazan State Medical Institute there were only 4 surgical departments, so 3 of them were headed by students of Vishnevsky. However, the best student of the doctor was his own son, Alexander Alexandrovich, who also became a surgeon.
In 1941, a man ends up in Kazan, because the VIEM clinic is evacuated there. In 1947, the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Surgery was created in Moscow, the director of which becomes the hero of our article. In the same year he was elected a member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
On November 13, 1948, a talented surgeon died. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Memory
Professor P. Zdrodovsky said that Vishnevsky combined the qualities of a clinician and an experimenter, which allowed him to achieve such success. In 1949, one of the central streets of Kazan began to bear the name of the surgeon Vishnevsky. Also, his name is the Institute of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the surgical clinic of the Kazan Medical Institute.
In Kazan in 1971, a bust was set for a doctor. One of the buildings of Kazan is decorated with its bas-relief. In honor of Vishnevsky, Moscow Square, streets in Kazan, Novorossiysk, etc. are named. Incredible, but even a plane was named after the doctor.