It is unlikely that there is a need to once again touch upon the question that it is primary education, shaping general educational skills and reinforcing skills, that determines the success of the child in all subsequent education.
1. The concept of primary education
Primary education is the first and most important step in education. Later there will be a secondary and higher school, someone can continue their studies at a technical school or university, but much depends on this stage. Why? It is in this life period that kids get their first knowledge about the world around them, learn to communicate with peers and adults, and solve various applied problems. At the same stage, the personality and character of the child begins to form and develop.
School education in Russia is compulsory and accessible to all. Reaching the age of 6.5 years, in the absence of medical contraindications, children sit at school desks. It is also important to note that, in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, primary education for a child should begin no later than the age of eight.
At the initial stage of training, the following subjects are considered mandatory:
- art;
- foreign language;
- mathematics;
- music;
- the world;
- Russian language;
- technology;
- physical education;
- reading.
Of course, such a school program can be implemented only if the necessary conditions are available. Discounts may apply for training in some subjects. For example, from the second grade, in accordance with the federal program, the child must begin to learn a foreign language, and from the third - to master computer knowledge. However, this is done only if the school has the proper number of foreign language teachers and a technically equipped computer class is available.
By the way, reading and the Russian language are presented in two program options: for schools with Russian and non-Russian languages of instruction.
2. Primary education: pursued goals
- encouraging the desire to learn new things;
- gaining experience necessary for the implementation of a wide variety of activities;
- the development of both moral and aesthetic feelings;
- preservation and promotion of the personality of the child;
- formation of a positive attitude both to oneself and to the world around;
- stimulating interest in learning;
- strengthening children's health (physical and mental);
- the formation of not only the personality of the child, but also his creative abilities.
3. Primary education: organization principles
During the school year in elementary school, all subjects are usually taught by the same teacher. The only exceptions are specific lessons such as visual arts, physical education, music (or a choir) and a foreign language.
In the first grade it is allowed to give children only positive marks (“good” and “excellent”, respectively, “4” and “5”). In addition, now quite often the so-called comic seals of three colors are practiced: blue, green and red. They “reward” students for their diligence and satisfactory work.
But starting from the second grade, the child already receives all the grades, including including grades for a quarter and a year. It becomes mandatory to have a diary, and at the end of the school year, each distinguished person is awarded with letters of appreciation or letters of appreciation.
After graduating from primary school, the student must be able to consciously observe the objects surrounding him, describe them and characterize them. In addition, there should not be any difficulties with comparing several objects or objects, revealing a number of similarities and differences, as well as combining in a common way, distinguishing a part from the whole.
A diligent student can also handle the simplest measuring instruments, and subsequently use the data obtained during the measurement to build the necessary relationships and solve problems.
In addition, the student, as a rule, is able to solve creative problems, draw up an action plan, improvise and play a role in an imaginary situation.
In principle, we can safely say that subsequent higher or secondary vocational education begins to take shape at this stage.