Oxides, their classification and properties are the basis of such an important science as chemistry. They begin to study in the first year of chemistry. In such exact sciences as mathematics, physics and chemistry, all material is interconnected, which is why the non-assimilation of the material entails a misunderstanding of new topics. Therefore, it is very important to understand the topic of oxides and fully navigate it. We are about this today and will try to talk in more detail.
What are oxides?
Oxides, their classification and properties - this is what you need to understand first. So what are oxides? Do you remember this from the school curriculum?
Oxides (or oxides) are complex substances, binary compounds, which include atoms of an electronegative element (less electronegative than oxygen) and oxygen with an oxidation state of -2.
Oxides are substances that are incredibly common on our planet. Examples of an oxide compound are water, rust, some colorants, sand, and even carbon dioxide.
Oxide formation
Oxides can be obtained in a variety of ways. The formation of oxides is also being studied by a science such as chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties - this is what scientists should know in order to understand how this or that oxide was formed. For example, they can be obtained by directly connecting an atom (or atoms) of oxygen with a chemical element - this is the interaction of chemical elements. However, there is an indirect formation of oxides, this is when the oxides are formed by the decomposition of acids, salts or bases.
Oxide classification
Oxides and their classification depend on how they formed. According to their classification, oxides are divided into only two groups, the first of which is salt-forming, and the second non-salt-forming. So, we will consider in more detail both groups.
Salt-forming oxides are a rather large group, which is divided into amphoteric, acidic and basic oxides. As a result of any chemical reaction, salt-forming oxides form salts. As a rule, salt-forming oxides include elements of metals and non-metals, which form acids as a result of a chemical reaction with water, but when interacting with bases form the corresponding acids and salts.
Non-salt forming oxides are those oxides which, as a result of a chemical reaction, do not form salts. Examples of such oxides are nitrogen and carbon oxides.
Amphoteric oxides
Oxides, their classification and properties are very important concepts in chemistry. Amphoteric oxides are part of the salt-forming composition.
Amphoteric oxides are those oxides that can exhibit basic or acidic properties, depending on the conditions of chemical reactions (exhibit amphotericity). Such oxides are formed by transition metals (copper, silver, gold, iron, ruthenium, tungsten, Rutherfordium, titanium, yttrium and many others). Amphoteric oxides react with strong acids, and as a result of a chemical reaction they form salts of these acids.
Acid oxides
Acid oxides or anhydrides are those oxides that exhibit acidic properties in chemical reactions and also form oxygen-containing acids. Anhydrides are always formed by typical non-metals, as well as some transitional chemical elements.
Oxides, their classification and chemical properties are important concepts. For example, in acidic oxides, the chemical properties are completely different from amphoteric. For example, when anhydride interacts with water, the corresponding acid is formed (with the exception of SiO2 - silicon oxide). Anhydrides interact with alkalis, and as a result of such reactions, water and soda are released. Upon reaction with basic oxides , salt is formed.
Basic oxides
The main (from the word "base") oxides are oxides of chemical elements of metals with oxidation states of +1 or +2. These include alkaline, alkaline earth metals, as well as the chemical element magnesium. Basic oxides differ from others in that they are capable of reacting with acids.
Basic oxides interact with acids, unlike acid oxides, as well as with alkalis, water, and other oxides. As a result of these reactions, salts are usually formed.
Oxide Properties
If you carefully study the reactions of various oxides, you can independently draw conclusions about what chemical properties the oxides are endowed with. The general chemical property of absolutely all oxides lies in the redox process.
Nevertheless, all oxides are different from each other. The classification and properties of oxides are two related topics.
Non-salt forming oxides and their chemical properties
Non-salt forming oxides are such a group of oxides that exhibits neither acidic, nor basic, nor amphoteric properties. As a result of chemical reactions with non-salt-forming oxides, no salts are formed. Previously, such oxides were called not salt-forming, but indifferent and indifferent, but such names do not correspond to the properties of non-salt-forming oxides. By their properties, these oxides are quite capable of chemical reactions. But non-salt-forming oxides are very few, they are formed by monovalent and divalent non-metals.
From non-salt forming oxides as a result of a chemical reaction, salt forming oxides can be obtained.
Nomenclature
Almost all oxides are usually called this: the word "oxide", followed by the name of the chemical element in the genitive case. For example, Al2O3 is alumina. In chemical language, this oxide reads as follows: aluminum 2 about 3. Some chemical elements, such as copper, can have several degrees of oxidation, respectively, the oxides will also be different. Then CuO oxide is copper oxide (two), that is, with an oxidation state of 2, and Cu2O oxide is copper oxide (three), which has an oxidation state of 3.
But there are other names of oxides that emit oxygen atoms in the number of compounds. Monoxide or monoxide is called such oxides, which contain only one oxygen atom. Dioxides are called such oxides, which contain two oxygen atoms, as reported by the prefix "di". Trioxides are called such oxides, which already contain three oxygen atoms. Such items as monoxide, dioxide and trioxide are already outdated, but are often found in textbooks, books and other manuals.
There are so-called trivial names of oxides, that is, those that have developed historically. For example, CO is an oxide or carbon monoxide, but even chemists often call this substance carbon monoxide.
So, oxide is a compound of oxygen with a chemical element. The main science that studies their formation and interactions is chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties - these are several important topics in the science of chemistry, without understanding which you can not understand everything else. Oxides are gases, minerals, and powders. Some oxides should be known in detail not only to scientists, but also to ordinary people, because they can even be dangerous to life on this earth. Oxides - this topic is very interesting and quite light. Oxide compounds are very common in everyday life.