For the first time, information systems began to appear in the 50s of the last century. Their task was to process accounts and payroll, which reduced the time spent on preparing documents.
In the 70s and 80s, information systems became a means of managerial control, which supports and helps to make decisions quickly.
In the late 80s, they began to be used in organizations of any profile, helping to achieve success in activities, in the creation of new goods and services.
An information system is considered to be a certain number of interconnected software tools for automation, accumulation, as well as information processing. The data received by the information system is stored there or processed and transmitted to the consumer.
The technical design of an information system is the design documentation that describes design decisions for the creation and operation of an information system. Elements and complexes of the functional part of the IP are objects of design.
They begin to prepare a technical project by conducting a pre-design survey and provide a rationale for whether it is advisable to create this system. Lists requirements for system functions and design methods.
Further, the technical project goes through the second stage - this is a research project, the development of various options for the system and choosing the best of them.
The third stage is the
technical task. This is a document sent by the customer to the contractor, it describes the task, what functions the system and the requirements for it should perform. It is developed in accordance with GOST 34.602 - 89.
When the technical project goes through the fifth stage, the main work is underway to create IP. Organizational support - changes are introduced into the management structure (units merge or separate).
Information support - choose a classification system, coding. Documents are being developed, an action plan for preparing the facility for the implementation of systems, the expected economic effect is calculated.
Sixth stage: programming is in progress. In accordance with the job descriptions, technical instructions are developed.
Seventh stage: IP is tested and, in the absence of defects, is put into operation.
And finally, at the eighth stage, the technical design of the IP is accompanied by the contractor in order to maintain operational performance at the proper level. Consultations are held, elimination of deficiencies, making proposals on the development of IP.
The concept of an automated information system includes the use of computer support for system design and is called CASE. There are basic principles for creating IS based on CASE-technologies:
- comprehensive computer design support;
- CASE model approach: the system can support an object-oriented or function-oriented approach;
- hierarchical representation of the model. Possibility of detailing (decomposition), respectively, with top-down design;
- principle of visibility - illustrations, graphs that describe the structure and elements of the system.