Among the unpleasant phenomena of our time are emergency situations. They can be of a different nature, and the consequences depend on this. There are measures to protect and eliminate such situations.
Legislation
The law has rules of conduct for emergencies, as well as recommendations for their prevention. All enterprises, institutions, organizations have an obligation to plan protection against adverse effects.
The Ministry of Civil Defense includes an action plan for the prevention and elimination of emergencies. The document outlines the scope, order, methods and timing of measures to protect people from accidents and disasters. Rules of conduct in such situations will help to act in an organized manner.
Planning rules
Emergency prevention requires careful preparation for such events. It is important to select the officials who will carry out this work. Be sure to organize meetings on the topic of emergency response.
In preparation, the methodology for forecasting accidents is determined. Natural emergency situations are usually analyzed on the basis of long-term observations and statistics. You can get the necessary information from Roskomgidromet. Members of the CoES facility are involved in the work. To prepare the document involved:
- main specialists of the facility;
- heads of departments;
- chairman of the evacuation commission;
- chiefs of special services.
At the final stage, the document is approved and approved. It is created with the Civil Defense and Defense Commission, whose boss signs the plan.
Types of emergency
An emergency response and response plan is required if:
- natural Disasters;
- accidents;
- environmental disasters;
- military, political, social disasters.
Any of these situations have a detrimental effect on the state of people, as this disables various areas of life. After this, a sufficiently long recovery is required.
Features of technogenic emergencies
It is very difficult to fully satisfy human needs, but conditions are created for this. Therefore, many enterprises are developing that have a detrimental effect on the life and health of citizens. Man-made emergencies are presented in the form of accidents. This can be a breakdown of transport, transmission lines, communication structures, as well as damage to industrial equipment.
Adverse events include emissions of chemicals that cause great harm to humans and nature. A larger accident is considered a disaster. Ecological man-made emergencies are dangerous, in which there are changes in nature due to the activities of enterprises.
Principles of Elimination
The action plan for the prevention and elimination of emergencies includes the implementation of emergency rescue operations necessary to save people, reduce damage, and localize hazard areas. In such dangerous situations , the following measures are required:
- selection of movement routes and areas of work;
- fire localization;
- suppression of negative factors;
- recovering affected people;
- the implementation of medical care;
- sanitization of people.
Rescue activities are carried out in a short time. This is due to the need to provide quick medical assistance to victims, with a decrease in the number of damage.
Disaster Protection Rules
The action plan for the prevention and elimination of emergencies includes rules for protecting the public from such phenomena. They suggest taking into account possible dangers, climatic conditions. Protection is provided through enterprises, institutions, organizations where a threat has arisen. The necessary activities include:
- warning of the population about the threat;
- evacuation;
- engineering protection ;
- prevention of radiation and chemical hazards;
- health care;
- training people.
These are the basic measures necessary to protect the population from dangers. Learning the rules of conduct in case of emergency begin at school. Competent behavior will avoid many unpleasant situations.
Protective structures
Shelters are needed in peacetime and wartime to protect people from dangers. This reduces the threat to the population. Facilities allow you to evacuate a large number of people. Shelters are divided by:
- appointment: for property, equipment, people;
- constructions: open, closed.
Shelters are a reliable method of protecting populations. For some time, people can be safe there. Inside, everything is equipped to preserve the life and health of people. With them, the population is protected from radiation, chemical accidents, smoke. The shelter may contain emergency rescue departments, places for food, gathering victims. Protective structures and the necessary rules can reduce the impact of negative consequences.