The Kakovsky-Addis test is a urinalysis. This research method is considered time-consuming. Nevertheless, it is used in medical practice. The essence of this study is the daily determination of the formed elements in the urine.
Features of preparing the patient for this analysis
In order to ensure the accuracy of the result, the patient is recommended to follow a special diet a day before collecting the material. It consists in eating meat products and limiting fluid intake. These conditions must be observed in order to avoid underestimated results that may appear due to the decay of the shaped elements.
This can occur in neutral and alkaline urine. This decay is also possible if urine has a low specific gravity. In case of compliance with nutritional recommendations, the specific gravity and pH of urine comes to the right rate.
Features of the collection of material for research
A feature is that the material must be collected 24 hours a day. Proper storage of fluid should also be ensured. Otherwise, the Kakovsky-Addis test will show an incorrect result. You should be aware that there are two ways to collect urine for this analysis.
The first is that the patient needs to empty the bladder in the morning. Next, collect material in a special container with the addition of formalin or thymol crystals. If you add the first named substance, then its amount should be 4 or 5 drops. The use of thymol crystals suggests that it needs to be added in an amount of 2 or 3 pieces. Store urine in the refrigerator.
You can also collect within ten or twelve hours. But you should know that the first option will give a more accurate result of the study. To collect material in the second way, you need to empty the bladder in the evening. Further, in the morning, namely, 10 or 12 hours after evening urination, the patient collects urine in a special container. It is possible that a person will not be able to retain urine in the body for 10 hours. In this case, it should be assembled in parts. Material is also stored in the refrigerator. Women are advised to use a catheter to collect urine.
Collected material should be sent to the laboratory for research. Thus, a test of Kakovsky-Addis is given.
How is research conducted in the laboratory?
In order to conduct urinalysis using the Kakovsky-Addis method, special equipment should be prepared, namely:
- test tube of a special centrifuge type;
- 10 milliliter pipette;
- counting chamber;
- glass wand;
- microscope for research.
Urine sample according to Addis-Kakovsky: stages of the study
After the urine is delivered to the laboratory, it is mixed. Further, its quantity is measured. After the necessary part is taken for research. The volume of urine that will be examined by the laboratory assistant is calculated using a special formula. Namely, it is necessary to take the amount of urine that was excreted by the body in 12 minutes. For this, the total amount of material collected is divided by the number that will be obtained by multiplying the time for how much urine is collected by 5. Where 5 is the number of urine volume that was excreted by the body in 12 minutes.
Further, the resulting volume of material is placed in a centrifuge tube. It carries out the centrifugation process. Depending on the speed of revolutions, it takes a different time. For example, if the speed is 3,500 rpm, then it will take 3 minutes. Provided 2,000 revolutions - the process will take 5 minutes.
Next, the suction of the upper layer. 0.5 ml of urine is left with sediment. In cases where the latter exceeds this volume, one milliliter of liquid should be left. The next stage of the study is to mix the material and place it in a counting chamber. The latter calculates the presence in the urine of elements such as white blood cells, red blood cells and cylinders.
Then, depending on the volume of the test material, the data obtained are multiplied by a value that will make it possible to determine the daily amount of elements in the urine.
Test of Addis Kakovsky: norm of indicators at delivery, pluses of a method
The norm is the presence in the urine of red blood cells up to 1,000,000, white blood cells up to 2,000,000, cylinders up to 20,000.
What advantage does the Kakovsky-Addis test have over other methods?
The main advantage of this study is that it allows you to take into account the daily fluctuations of the body during the allocation of shaped elements through urine.
What are the disadvantages of this method?
- There is a category of patients who are unable to retain urine for 10 or 12 hours in the body. For example, people diagnosed with nocturia.
- There are also patients whose condition of the body does not allow them to completely empty the bladder. This phenomenon is observed in those who suffer from adenoma or prostate cancer.
- It is only possible to pass urine through a catheter in a hospital.
- Test Addis-Kakovsky in children is not feasible, because the kids will not be held back for a long time.
There are reasons why urine may be higher than normal. Namely, purulent processes in the body of a chronic nature, heparin therapy and poisoning with any poisons.
When collecting material for a study such as analysis of urine according to Addis-Kakovsky, a lot of time is spent on its storage. Therefore, partial lysis of the shaped elements may occur, which will lead to inaccurate results.