Bandage and tourniquet rule. Rules for applying bandage dressings. Pressure dressing rules

The provision of first aid to victims with injuries, fractures, dislocations, damage to ligaments, bruises, burns and other things becomes almost impossible without timely and correct application of a bandage. Indeed, due to the dressing, additional infection of the wound is prevented, as well as the stopping of bleeding, fixation of fractures and even the therapeutic effect on the wound begins.

Medical dressings and their types

The branch of medicine that studies the rules for applying bandages and tourniquets, their types and methods of application, is called desmurgy (from Greek desmos - leash, bandage and ergon - performance, business).

By definition, a dressing is a treatment for injuries and injuries that involves the use of:

• dressing material that is applied directly to the wound;
• the outer part of the dressing, which fixes the dressing.

In the role of dressing material, for various reasons, can be:

• special dressing bags;
• napkins;
• cotton swabs;
• gauze balls.

Primary Injury Care

The dressing process is called dressing. Its purpose is to close the wound:

• to prevent its further infection;
• to stop bleeding;
• to have a healing effect.

General rules for dressing wounds and injuries:

1. Wash hands thoroughly with soap, if this is not possible, you should at least treat them with special antiseptic agents.
2. If the damage site is an open wound, then carefully treat the skin around it with an alcohol solution, hydrogen peroxide or iodine.
3. Place the victim (patient) in a position convenient for him (sitting, lying), while providing free access to the damaged area.
4. To stand in front of the patient's face in order to observe his reaction.
5. Start dressing with an “open” bandage from left to right, from the periphery of the limbs towards the body, that is, from the bottom up, using two hands.
6. The hand should be bandaged in a bent state at the elbow, and the leg in a straightened position.
7. The first two or three turns (rounds) should be fastening, for this the bandage is tightly wrapped around the narrowest undamaged place.
8. Then bandage should be with uniform tension, without wrinkles.
9. Each turn of the tourniquet covers the previous one about a third of the width.
10. When the injured area is large, one bandage may not be enough, then at the end of the first they lay the beginning of the second, strengthening this moment in a circular loop.
11. Finish the dressing by making two or three fixing bandages.
12. As an additional fixation, you can cut the end of the bandage into two parts, cross them with each other, circle around the bandage and tie a strong knot.

The main types of bandage dressings

Before you learn the rules for applying bandage dressings, you should familiarize yourself with the types of harnesses and options for their use.

Bandage Classification:

1. In appearance:

• aseptic dry;
• antiseptic dry;
• hypertonic moist drying;
• crushing;
• occlusal.

2. By way of imposing:

• circular or spiral;
• eight-shaped or cruciform;
• serpentine or creeping;
• spike-like;
• turtle dressing: diverging and converging.

3. By localization:

• on the head;
• on the upper limb;
• on the lower limb;
• on the stomach and pelvis;
• on the chest;
• on the neck.

Soft Dressing Rules

Bandage dressings are relevant in most cases of injuries. They prevent secondary infection of the wound and minimize adverse environmental effects.

The rules for applying a soft bandage are as follows:

1. The patient is placed in a comfortable position:

• with injuries to the head, neck, chest, upper limbs - sedentary;
• with injuries of the abdomen, pelvic region, upper thighs - lying.

2. Select a bandage according to the type of damage.

3. Conduct the process of bandaging, using the basic rules for applying bandages.

If you made a dressing, observing the rules for applying sterile dressings, then the compress will meet the following criteria:

• completely cover the damaged area;
• do not interfere with normal blood and lymph circulation;
• be comfortable for the patient.

Head bandage

There are several types of headbands:

1. "cap";

2. simple;

3. "bridle";

4. "Hippocrates hat";

5. in one eye;

6. in both eyes;

7. Neapolitan (in the ear).

The rule of applying bandages to the head is based on the fact that regardless of type, the dressing is carried out with bandages of medium width - 10 cm.

Since it is very important to provide medical attention in time for any injury, it is recommended that the most simple version of the dressing be used with a general head injury - a cap.

Rules for applying a bandage "cap":

1. A piece about a meter long is cut from the bandage, which will be used as a tie.

2. Its middle part is applied to the crown of the head.

3. The ends of the tie are held with both hands, this can be done either by an assistant or by the patient himself, if he is in a conscious state.

4. Apply a fixing layer of bandage around the head, reaching the eyeballs.

5. Start wrapping the bandage around the tie and further along the head.

6. Having reached the opposite end of the tie, the bandage is wrapped again and held around the skull just above the first layer.

7. Repeated actions completely cover the scalp with a bandage.

8. Making the last round, the end of the bandage is tied to one of the straps.

9. The straps are tied under the chin.

Dressings for bleeding

Bleeding is the loss of blood in violation of the integrity of blood vessels.

General rules for applying bandages for bleeding from a limb:

1. Put a bandage under the limb, slightly above the wound site.
2. Attach an ice pack (ideally).
3. The tourniquet stretch a lot
4. Tie the ends.

The main rule for applying a bandage is to place a tourniquet on top of clothing or a specially laid fabric (gauze, towel, scarf, and so on).

With the right actions, bleeding should stop, and the place under the tourniquet should turn pale. Be sure to put a note under the bandage with the date and time (hours and minutes) of the dressing. After first aid, no more than 1.5-2 hours must pass before the victim is taken to the hospital, otherwise the injured limb cannot be saved.

Pressure dressing rules

Pressing dressings should be applied to reduce all types of external bleeding in places of bruises, as well as to reduce the size of edema.

Rules for applying a pressure dressing:

1. The skin adjacent to the wound (about two to four cm) is treated with an antiseptic.
2. If there are foreign objects in the wound, they should be removed immediately and carefully.
3. As a dressing material, a ready-made dressing bag or a sterile cotton-gauze roller is used, if this is not the case, then a bandage, a clean handkerchief, and napkins will do.
4. Bandaging is fixed on the wound with a bandage, scarf, scarf.
5. Try to make the bandage tight, but not pulling the damaged place.

A well-applied pressure dressing should stop bleeding. But if she still managed to get soaked in blood, then it is not necessary to take it off before arriving at the hospital. It should simply be tightly bandaged on top, after having placed another gauze bag under the new bandage.

Features of the occlusive dressing

An occlusive dressing is applied to ensure tight insulation of the damaged area in order to prevent contact with water and air. It is used for penetrating wounds.

Rules for applying an occlusive dressing:

1. Place the victim in a sitting position.
2. Treat the skin adjacent to the wound with an antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, alcohol).
3. An antiseptic napkin is applied to the wound and the adjacent area of ​​the body with a radius of five to ten cm.
4. The next layer is applied water- and air-tight material (necessarily the sterile side), for example, a plastic bag, cling film, rubberized cloth, oilcloth.
5. The third layer consists of a cotton-gauze pad, which plays the role of constipation.
6. All layers are tightly fixed with a wide bandage.

When applying a dressing, it should be remembered that each new layer of dressing should be 5-10 cm larger than the previous one.

Of course, if there is such an opportunity, it is best to use the IPP - an individual dressing bag, which is a bandage with two attached cotton-gauze pads. One of them is fixed, and the other moves freely on it.

Aseptic dressing

Aseptic dressing is used in cases where there is an open wound and it is necessary to prevent contaminants and foreign particles from entering it. This requires not only the correct application of dressing material, which must be sterile, but also fix it securely.

Rules for applying aseptic dressings:

1. Treat wounds with special antiseptic agents, but in no case use water for this purpose.
2. Apply directly to the injury gauze, larger than the wound by 5 cm, previously rolled up in several layers.
3. On top, apply a layer of absorbent cotton (easily stratified), which is two to three centimeters longer than gauze.
4. Fix dressings tightly with a bandage or medical adhesive plaster.

Ideally, it is better to use special dry aseptic dressings. They consist of a layer of absorbent material that absorbs blood very well and drains the wound.

In order to better protect the wound from dirt and infection, additionally glue a cotton-gauze dressing on all sides to the skin with an adhesive plaster. And after that, fix everything with a bandage.

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If any type of dressing is applied incorrectly, then instead of first aid, irreparable harm can be caused to the health of the victim, which can lead to death.