Personnel management is an activity aimed at influencing a person or a team, focused on achieving the fullest possible correspondence of personnel capabilities and goals, conditions, development strategies of the organization.
The main approaches to personnel management:
- Economic.
- Organic.
- Humanistic.
Economic approach to personnel management
In this case, technical training of staff, and not management, is in the first place. These management approaches have the following principles:
- unity of leadership. Orders are given only by one leader;
- strict management vertical;
- fixed scope of control. The number of subordinates should be such that there are no problems in coordination and communication;
- balance between power and responsibility.
- discipline;
- equality at each individual level of organization;
- the interest of employees in obtaining the final result.
An organic approach to personnel management
In this case, special management approaches are provided. Attention is focused on the human resource. The organization is perceived as an organism that lives in the environment and interacts with it. In this regard, two analogies are used. Thanks to them, new views on organizational reality were developed:
- Terms such as need, purpose, motive, birth and growing up, aging and death of an organization were coined.
- The human brain was taken as a sample of organizational structure. This made it possible to display it in the form of parts that are connected by lines of control, control and communication.
Humanistic approach to personnel management
This direction has become especially popular recently. The key idea on the basis of which these approaches to management are built - the values and goals of the organization, principles of behavior and ways of responding to various situations, should be understandable and accessible to all members of the labor collective. All this is called organizational culture. Each organization can have its own. It depends on ideology, social communities, laws and everyday rituals, values inherent in a particular team.
In modern society, the influence of the cultural context on the organization of labor and personnel management is becoming increasingly noticeable. A striking example of this is Japan. Their management approaches are fundamentally different from European ones. The main activity of the heads of Japanese enterprises is to increase the productivity of workers. For comparison, most American and European managers set themselves the only goal - making a profit with the least effort.
Characteristic features of the Japanese management system:
- A guarantee of employment for each employee and the creation of a trusting environment. There is no threat of dismissal, there is a real opportunity for career growth. All this is an excellent incentive for workers. In addition, there is a lifelong hiring system. At the same time, each company has developed a system of surcharges, bonuses, and so on for the time worked. People are materially interested in not changing their place of work.
- Management is based on information. The collection and systematization of data increases the economic efficiency of production.
- Focus on quality. The main task in production management is obtaining data and quality control.
- The unconditional presence of management at the enterprise throughout the working day.
- Publicity and shared values. A common database of information for workers at all levels. This improves mutual understanding and markedly improves productivity.