Sometimes they say about a person who is serving a sentence for a particular offense: "Put him in prison." Such a phrase can often be heard after the verdict announced in court, when the accused is taken into custody.
However, this does not mean that a person will serve his term in prison. There are various correctional facilities for this. Convicts are sent to them.
Types of Yiwu
Which prison institution the prisoner will be sent to depends on two factors. This article, as well as the severity of the crime committed. What are the types of correctional facilities? First of all, this is a pre-trial detention center. The pre-trial detention center performs the function of the correctional facility in such cases:
- serving a sentence of less than 6 months;
- receiving the punishment for the first time when the offender (under the relevant article) can remain in a pre-trial detention center of his own free will to carry out various hozrabot.
The second type of correctional facility is a correctional colony. Such institutions are of several types. These include:
1. Colonies-settlements. Those places are sent to those who have committed crimes through negligence and not serious ones. According to the court decision, convicts can be transferred from other correctional facilities to colony settlements.
2. Colonies of the general regime. They are sent to serve the sentence of repeat offenders, as well as those who have committed serious crimes. This also includes criminals who were initially identified in children's correctional institutions after they reach the age of 18 or 21.
3. High security colonies. These are correctional institutions, which contain those who have been convicted of serious crimes, sometimes with relapse, as well as people who have violated the conditions existing in the EC with less severe conditions.
4. Special regime colonies. Men who have committed especially dangerous crimes and received a life sentence are serving their sentences. Those who are transferred to the death penalty after pardon by imprisonment are also transferred here.
5. Prisons. These correctional institutions were created to serve the sentence of male criminals who are supposed (according to a court verdict) to isolate from society for more than five years. Those convicts who systematically violated the regime of the colony are also transferred to prisons.
6. Medical correctional institution. These are medical institutions where prisoners who have been ill for a long time are sent. This applies to the contingent requiring the treatment of chronic and psychiatric pathologies.
There is a system of correctional facilities for juvenile delinquents. It includes age-related educational institutions of various types. The prisoners work in them and at the same time receive education, starting from secondary and ending with secondary specialized.
Appointment of Yiwu
All types of correctional institutions designed to execute sentences are legal entities. Moreover, the decision on their creation and, if necessary, liquidation is the responsibility of the government of the Russian Federation, which coordinates this action with regional executive bodies.
All types of correctional facilities are designed to:
- comply with the legislation of Russia;
- ensure the law, order and safety of all persons located in this territory;
- to involve persons contained in the IR to work and carry out their training (general and professional);
- ensure the preservation of the health of prisoners;
- carry out activities to develop the material and technical base of the PS, as well as its social sphere;
- provide all kinds of assistance to bodies conducting operational investigative work;
- ensure the proper treatment of those persons who are in custody.
Places where citizens are serving their sentences vary in their severity and nature of the means of influence by which the sentence is implemented. This fact can be explained by the varying degree of danger of the convicts and their crimes.
Remedies
All the activities of correctional institutions are aimed at maintaining order and observing the necessary conditions created for the execution and serving of sentences. In addition, the tasks of the correctional institution include determining the necessary means for the correction of convicts, protecting their freedoms, rights and legitimate interests, as well as assisting in social adaptation. At the same time, correctional institutions use the following means to achieve their goals:
- professional training;
- social impact;
- established mode;
- general education;
- educational work ;
- socially useful work.
Settlement colonies
These correctional institutions in Russia are included in the country's penal system. Currently, there are 160 of them. The following persons are sent to settlement colonies:
- who committed crimes only through negligence;
- having a first criminal record, if the gravity of the act committed by them is regarded as small or medium;
- positively characterized (when transferring from strict and general regime colonies).
Colonies-settlements are correctional institutions of the Russian Federation, in which there is a semi-free regime for those serving sentences. All persons contained in them are not subject to protection. Moreover, they have the right to free movement within the boundaries of the colony.
Such PS contains the least dangerous category of persons who committed a crime. That is why their living conditions are as close as possible to those that exist at large.
Convicts sentenced to correctional facilities of this type (those who have committed a crime of negligence or are classified as minor as well as moderate) are sent both independently and in custody. Those who are transferred from a strict or general security regime are accompanied by a convoy without fail.
The conditions in correctional facilities of a similar semi-free type are the same, regardless of their location. Moreover, at the same time in the same colony settlement contain convicts of both sexes. There is no need to create IU separately for men and separately for women. This is due to the approximation of conditions in such a colony to life in freedom. On this territory even families serving a term can live.
General regime colonies
Both men and women are sent to these PSs to serve their sentence. Moreover, the regime in correctional facilities of this type can be ordinary, lightweight and strict. This situation is governed by articles 120-121 of the PEC of Russia.
Under the normal regime, persons who entered a colony after being sentenced by a court are kept. Among them are those who are transferred from other IRs.
Facilitated conditions are sometimes a kind of encouragement to those who, for the six months spent in the colony, did not have any penalties and were conscientious about work.
The strict conditions of the general regime correctional facility are intended for malicious violators of the order established in the colony. Persons who have previously served their term under light or normal conditions may fall into this category. Such a transfer is made no earlier than six months after the start of serving the term.
High Security Colonies
In these PSs, convicts serve their sentences under various conditions. Moreover, all of them are regulated by articles 122 and 123 of the PEC of Russia.
So, the usual conditions of detention are intended for men who entered a maximum security colony by a court verdict. Such a regime is not recommended for those who committed a deliberate crime during the period of serving a sentence.
Transfer to lighter conditions is a kind of encouragement to those men who have conscientiously treated labor and have not had any penalties for nine months while in the same penitentiary facility.
One who is recognized as a malicious violator is placed under strict regime. These may be persons who constantly violate the established order of correctional institutions or transferred to such an institution after committing intentional crimes committed by them in places of detention.
Special regime colonies
Serving sentences in such correctional institutions is regulated by Articles 124 and 125 of the PEC of Russia. The usual conditions in these colonies are intended for men who entered here as prescribed, as well as for those who are transferred from strict and light conditions. Under such a regime, only those persons who are convicted of crimes committed by them intentionally while serving a term appointed by the court are not contained.
Facilitated conditions deserve those citizens who were not subjected to penalties and worked conscientiously during the year of imprisonment. For malicious violators, the internal routines of correctional institutions of this type are becoming more stringent. They are transferred to strict living conditions.
Colony differences
The conditions in which prisoners are held in correctional facilities are described in Articles 121, 123 and 125 of the PEC of Russia. Moreover, for the colonies of each of the above modes, their own indicators are provided. They are:
- the standard of living per convict;
- the number of long and short visits for the year;
- the amount of the monthly expenditure of funds on items related to essentials, and food;
- the number of parcels, parcels and transmissions that convicts receive during the year;
- Internal regulations of correctional institutions.
The conditions under the above indicators vary not only between different types of colonies. They have their own indicators, even within the same IU with lightweight, ordinary and strict internal modes. Of course, with less stringent rules of the schedule, all indicators of residence are maximum, but with more severe rules, on the contrary.
Regardless of the type of colony, convicts in normal and light conditions live in dormitories. Those who are provided with strict internal regulations of correctional institutions spend time in locked rooms (cells).
The conditions for detention in such colonies are regulated by Article 127 of the Penal Code of Russia. Those for whom life-long maintenance is defined are placed in cells of two people each. Sometimes they are confined in solitary lockable rooms. Such prisoners have the right to take daily walks under guard. Its duration is 1.5 hours. Good behavior of the convict gives him the right to extra time. In this case, the walk can be increased by thirty minutes.
Prisons
Supervision in correctional facilities of this type is as strict as possible, because they send especially dangerous criminals. These are persons who need a more severe punishment for their acts, or those who cannot be corrected in colonies of a less severe regime.
Those sentenced to them by the prisoners are those who are deprived of their liberty for a term exceeding 5 years. At the same time, the crimes committed by them qualify as especially serious, having a dangerous relapse. Persons who, instead of the general regime prison, have chosen to perform work in the form of household services for prisoners, may remain in prisons.
In correctional institutions for especially dangerous criminals, two regimes are established - general and strict. But in any case, prisoners in prisons are kept in shared lockable cells, and the living conditions created for them are much stricter than those that exist in the colonies.
Medical correctional institutions
The main purpose of LIU is the maintenance of persons serving sentences who are ill with drug addiction, alcoholism or open tuberculosis. According to the current legislation, each medical institution provides the right to a person in it to purchase food and essentials. Moreover, such purchases are made without restrictions, but at their own expense.
The standard of living space for each convict here is 3 square meters, and the rules of the existing internal regulations stipulate time for medical and diagnostic measures. The work of those held in such institutions is organized taking into account the available medical instructions, the degree of ability to work and the possibility of carrying it out under the given conditions.
There are also penal isolation wards in LIU , as well as single cells. They contain prisoners who violated the institution’s internal routine, while continuing the course of treatment prescribed by him.
Educational Colonies
These juveniles contain juvenile offenders whose sentence is imprisonment. In the system of correctional institutions existing in our country, such colonies are called upon to solve special problems. Their purpose is to return minors to the path of respect for the rule of law established in society.
Juvenile offenders are sent to educational colonies who have received one or another term of imprisonment as punishment. The internal routine of such correctional institutions allows the creation of separate isolated sections on their territory where prisoners are held who were eighteen years old while serving their sentences.
In educational colonies, as in all other prisons, various conditions are set for prisoners. They can be ordinary, lightweight, preferential and strict. They are distinguished by the severity of the regimes.
Those adolescents who are serving the terms assigned to them by the court under ordinary conditions live in dormitories. They are allowed monthly expenditure of personal money within certain limits, as well as 6 short-term and 2 long-term visits per year.
A milder regime is for those who are serving time in lighter conditions. They have a higher monthly expenditure of personal funds and a larger number of scheduled dates.
Under favorable conditions, convicts are given the right to live in hostels without protection outside the educational zone. Such persons are supervised only by the colony administration. Such juvenile delinquents have the right to wear civilian clothes, unlimited spending of their own funds and short-term visits in any quantity.
The one who is kept in strict conditions lives in an isolated room, where he is obliged to be in his spare time from the labor or educational process.