Fires do a lot of harm to people and property. Even when implementing safety rules, these events still occur. Using technical expertise, you can identify the causes of a fire. The procedure also determines the features of the course of such events. Fire technical expertise is needed to identify those responsible for the fire in order to bring them to financial responsibility.
When people die in a fire, then the perpetrators face criminal punishment. Responsibility lies with those who are responsible for security controls. Punishment is provided in case of negligence of employees in the performance of their duties, which led to fires.
Why is a procedure necessary?
Fire-technical examination allows you to identify the causes and circumstances of the fire in order to prevent such events in the future. For example, if a fire in the house occurred due to faulty wiring, then such troubles can be avoided if the wires are replaced with new ones. The cause of the fire may be chemical leaks in the devices. Determining the sources of such an event prevents extensive fires in the future.
Fire technical expertise is carried out not only in buildings and structures. Often an event is held to determine the causes of fires in vehicles. Examination is carried out on ships, yachts, ships, in gardens and parks.
Appointment of expertise
The law does not establish strict rules on when it is necessary to carry out fire-technical examinations. The event may be initiated by a fire investigator. The procedure is carried out at the request of any participant: the owner of the property, the suspect or a representative of the insurance company.
Fire-technical examination is carried out by a specialist who has special knowledge. He should be aware of the legal rules for the appointment and implementation of the procedure. An expert has his rights and obligations, including informing about giving false testimonies.
The expert’s opinion is taken into account by the court as evidence in the case. The objects of examination include various objects from the place of ignition.
Types of Expertise
Events are divided according to 2 criteria: by subject and by the nature of the examination. According to the first indicator, the procedure happens:
- Sole: carried out by 1 employee;
- commission: performed by the team of one specialty, if the situation is difficult;
- comprehensive: carried out by specialists in various fields to accurately determine the causes.
In order of priority, an event happens:
- primary;
- additional;
- repeated.
When is a procedure necessary?
Carrying out a fire-technical examination is necessary for:
- establishing a source of fire;
- search for the guilty;
- identifying causes;
- clarification of the circumstances of the process;
- characteristics of the technical health of the mechanisms.
The procedures performed will help to determine if the safety rules have been violated. The results will make it possible to take measures that in the future will prevent such situations.
Expertise Methods
Thanks to the development of science and technology, an independent fire examination is carried out using methods of physics, chemistry, and pyrology. During the event, a fire scenario is recreated in the wake of the flame. To accurately determine the causes of fire, expert systems are used.
Be sure to conduct a study of metal exhibits located at the site of ignition. In addition, methods such as chromatography, temperature research, identification of combustible components are used.
Event materials
The victims are examined using a forensic examination. Inanimate things also belong to objects. To get the most accurate picture of the incident, you need to provide the expert with documents related to the fire. If something is not enough, then the result may not be entirely reliable.
Sometimes you have to re-examine. For the study, objects from the place of ignition, testimony of witnesses, photographs, documents, results of other examinations, information about the condition of the object are used.
Legal regulations
All the rules of the procedure are regulated by the Federal Law "On Fire Safety". It says that the event can be carried out not only by state institutions, but also by other persons who have special knowledge for this.
The Federal Law "On Fire Safety" sets a punishment for non-compliance with safety rules. Deliberate damage to property through arson, which caused the death of people, is considered a criminal offense. In this case, faces up to 5 years in prison.
Persons who inadvertently handle fire are held liable. The degree of punishment is determined by the scale of the damage. For fire safety, officials are responsible.
Independent assessment
A popular activity now is risk assessment. Management of the enterprises holds an event with the help of accredited institutions. If you identify fire risk, you can reduce the costs of the enterprise, which can go to fines. This will also prevent future fires.
Mandatory activities include the performance of an audit conducted by fire inspectors. Inspection of premises and verification of documentation. Employees can be tested for knowledge of fire safety rules.
Fire risk must be identified at all enterprises, but in residential premises it can be omitted. The event must be carried out in business premises. Many insurance companies require documentation of the inspection.
Examination has many advantages. Reliable information appears about the fire situation, the protection of the premises from fires. Funding advice on reducing fire risk is provided. At the end of the event, a conclusion is issued that outlines recommendations for observing fire safety rules.