Control is a necessary condition for the successful implementation of any activity. It is designed to identify violations and deficiencies that can adversely affect the expected result of the work. It is the control that provides feedback between the school leadership and teachers, teachers and children. Thanks to him, you can make the necessary adjustments to the educational process in time. Consider what pedagogical control in school is and how it is organized.
Functions Performed
Pedagogical control is an activity in the process of which the state of educational work in an institution, its compliance with state standards, as well as the level of knowledge, upbringing and development of students are examined. The work carried out in this direction performs the following functions:
- Pedagogical. Knowing about checks, children are more responsible for studying.
- Diagnostic The teacher sees the strengths and weaknesses of the students, their characteristic mistakes.
- Orienteering. The teacher reveals the shortcomings of his work, sees the individual characteristics of schoolchildren and makes appropriate adjustments.
- Prophylactic. The upcoming control encourages the child to repeat the material passed, preventing him from forgetting.
- Verification and evaluation. Monitoring the activities of each teacher allows you to identify the level of his professional training, weaknesses and advantages. The effectiveness of training programs is also evaluated.
Control requirements
Any verification should not become an end in itself. Identified shortcomings become a signal for making changes to the educational process. There are a number of requirements for the organization of pedagogical control:
- Orientation to the requirements of approved programs.
- The objectivity of the controlling person and the reliability of the results.
- Assessment of not only the level of theoretical knowledge of students, but also the ability to put them into practice, the degree of independence.
- Systematic and timely control, transparency of the results.
- The use of both collective and individual forms.
Types of pedagogical control
Systematic verification of learning outcomes includes:
- Preliminary control. It is held at the beginning of the next school year and reveals the readiness of both teachers and students for the upcoming classes. The level of development of schoolchildren at the moment, knowledge gaps over the past year are assessed.
- Current control . It involves constant monitoring of the effectiveness of individual stages of training, the identification of shortcomings.
- Thematic control. It is carried out in order to consolidate and generalize the voluminous topic.
- Final control. It is an assessment of the results of the work of the teacher and students during the quarter or the entire academic year.
- Final control. Certification of the student, according to the results of which a document is issued on graduation.
Forms of control over the activities of teachers
The school administration should receive reliable and timely information on how things are going in the educational institution. Pedagogical control is an effective way to track the activities of teachers, evaluate the impact of their impact on the classroom, individual student or the whole parallel.
For this, the following forms of control are used:
- Personal. Supervising an individual teacher or student.
- Cool generalizing. Control over the activities of all teachers working with a particular class.
- Subject-generalizing. It implies the study of the results of teachers in the chosen discipline.
- Survey. A detailed study of a single issue (the state of intra-school documentation, the technical equipment of classrooms, etc.).
- Complex generalizing. Quality control of education and training in parallel classes.
The methods used are observation, a detailed analysis of classes, timekeeping, conversations with the exchange of opinions, study of documentation, questionnaires, and verification of knowledge, both verbal and written.
Forms of control over the assimilation of educational material by children
To put into practice the tasks set by state standards, it is necessary to verify not only the organization of the learning process, but also the results obtained. The knowledge and skills of students are monitored regularly. The following forms of pedagogical control are used:
- Frontal. Written or verbal knowledge of the entire class is tested.
- Group. The teacher interrogates or gives a collective assignment to a specific part of the class.
- Individual. It involves the study of knowledge of one student, often carried out in the form of a survey at the blackboard.
- Combined. The combination of several types of control when the class performs a common task, while some children receive individual cards. In parallel, the teacher calls the students for an oral questioning or solving a problem at the blackboard.
- Mutual control. Children check the written work of their classmates.
- Self control. The child learns to see his mistakes, comparing the work with the sample, to analyze the causes of their appearance, to work to eliminate the gaps.
Methods of pedagogical control
There are several ways to test students' knowledge and skills. Traditionally, the following methods are used in the school:
- An oral survey involving students' answers to teacher questions and their comments.
- Written verification , which is carried out in the form of tests, essays, essays, dictations, drawings, written tests, statements, etc.
- Laboratory control, during which children demonstrate the ability to use measuring instruments, set experiments.
- Practical control. It involves checking the formation of training skills. It includes research projects, mapping of the area, demonstration of motor skills in the lessons of physical education, labor, drawing.
- Testing, when children are offered short standardized tasks on the studied material.
- Machine control involving the use of computer programs and having a high degree of objectivity.
Control and physical education
The goal of the school is not only the intellectual development of children, but also the improvement of their physical qualities, health promotion. It is necessary that the methods used, the load in the lessons and competitions correspond to the functional state of the child's body.
For this purpose, the following types of pedagogical control are used:
- Preliminary, during which conclusions are made about the physical fitness of students, their health status.
- Operational, involving tracking health, breathing, heart rate and other indicators throughout the lesson.
- Current, determining the body's response to the received load after the end of the lesson.
- Stage, measuring the development of physical qualities in students for one quarter. The total effect of training is estimated.
- The final, determining the implementation or non-fulfillment of the annual plan. It serves as the basis for the preparation of the program for the next academic year.
Of the methods, student monitoring, a survey about well-being, control competitions and the implementation of standards, timing of classes to alternate loads and rest, and tracking physical readings (lung capacity, pulse, weight) are widely used.
Educational process control
The school, according to educational standards, is responsible for the comprehensive development of children. Pedagogical control is the ability to track the effectiveness of not only the educational, but also the educational process.
In this case, the following are evaluated:
- upbringing of students;
- the work of class teachers;
- involvement of parents in the upbringing process;
- quality of organization of school holidays, events;
- conducting sports competitions and contests;
- group work for further education;
- preventive work with "complex", pedagogically neglected students.
School management regularly attends classroom hours, holiday events in order to monitor the educational process. Conversations are held with students, parents. At teachers' councils, class teachers present progress reports. All this allows us to change the ways of influencing schoolchildren in time, to teach teachers the necessary techniques, methods of education, in some cases - to attract outside specialists.
Monitoring the level of education of students
The main job of educating schoolchildren lies on the shoulders of the class teacher. It is impossible to evaluate its effectiveness without receiving feedback.
Pedagogical control in education involves the use of the following methods:
- Observation of children during various activities.
- A conversation during which the teacher reveals the degree of moral awareness of the pupils, their attitude to various norms and rules.
- Psychological questioning.
- Analysis of the work of the asset of the class and the degree of participation of students in socially useful activities
- The inclusion of students in specially created situations to identify the level of development of moral qualities.
Pedagogical control is a measure that allows you to evaluate the progress of the educational process and its effectiveness. Without it, it is impossible to realize the goals set by the state to educate a harmonious personality.