FGDS or fibrogastroduodenoscopy is a method of instrumental examination of the stomach and duodenum, carried out using an optical gastroscope device. This method is one of the main used for the diagnosis of gastric pathology.
Indications for gastric FGD:
- the need to clarify the diagnosis of primary stomach disease (gastritis, peptic ulcer, tumors);
- determination of the nature of changes in the stomach due to changes in neighboring organs (intestines, pancreas, liver and gall bladder);
- identification of foreign bodies.
GFDS of the stomach is prescribed for gastric dyspepsia, especially if it appeared in a patient over the age of 40 years, bloody vomiting, prolonged diarrhea, and iron deficiency anemia.
Research contraindications:
- diseases of the esophagus (cicatricial and tumor narrowing, diverticulitis) and surrounding organs (sternal goiter, aortic aneurysm, significant curvature of the spine);
- severe cardiac and pulmonary failure;
- dilated veins of the esophagus.
Preparation for gastric fibrosis
For carrying out gastric fibrosis of the stomach does not require special training. A planned study of gastroscopy is performed in the morning. The patient should come for gastroscopy on an empty stomach or not earlier than four hours after eating, and if pyloric stenosis is suspected - not earlier than eight hours. After an X-ray examination using barium, endoscopy can be performed no earlier than one day later. An emergency gastroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in case of gastric bleeding is carried out without prior preparation of the patient at any time of the day. In some cases, FGDS is performed under general anesthesia. This is required primarily when conducting research on emergency indications.
Previously, the patient is explained that during the procedure, talk and swallow saliva. Half an hour before the study, atropine sulfate is administered subcutaneously to the patient. A few minutes before the study, removable dentures are removed and the pharyngeal mucosa is irrigated with dicaine solution for local anesthesia. The patient is placed on a universal operating table, in a position on the left side. The body should be straightened, shoulders apart, muscles relaxed. A sterile mouthpiece is inserted into the mouth and a probe is inserted.
The duration of the gastroscopy is 10-15 minutes. During the study, the patient does not experience any pain. During the study, a small amount of air is introduced into the cavity of the stomach to smooth out the folds of the mucosa. This may cause a feeling of slight overflow in the stomach. If there are tumors during a gastroscopy, a biopsy is taken to conduct histological examination of the tissue and diagnose the nature of the tumor.
After FGDS, the patient should not eat, drink or smoke for 1-2.5 hours until swallowing is fully restored. If a biopsy was performed during the study, the food on this day is consumed only in chilled form.
Before gastric FGD, it is necessary to conduct an X-ray examination of the patient in order to exclude the presence of contraindications: narrowing of the esophagus, diverticula, varicose veins.
During the study, the development of complications is possible:
- perforation of the esophagus and stomach;
- bleeding after a biopsy;
- disorders of the cardiac and respiratory system.
Gastroscopy, taking into account all the rules, indications and contraindications and the proper preparation of the patient, allows this study to be carried out completely safely and to prevent the development of complications.