Most people, most likely, have not come across a type of study such as sputum analysis. In our article we will talk in detail about him. We will also touch on the subject of analysis, the rules for collecting material for research.
What is analysis needed for?
Sputum is a discharge that forms in the airways of the body. If a person is in good health, then he does not have such secretions. Basically, this analysis is necessary to diagnose tuberculosis. Also, as this disease is treated, it is necessary to take this analysis. This is necessary in order to determine the dynamics of recovery. And also, is it possible for the patient to contact people, or does he pose a risk to others.
In addition to patients with tuberculosis, for other diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer and abscess, a sputum test is prescribed. How to take it? We will talk about this later. Note that the reason for passing this analysis may be a prolonged cough.
Features of the collection
You should know before taking a sputum test how to take it correctly. Since sputum has the ability to accumulate at night, it is recommended to collect it in the morning. This process must be carried out before breakfast. An important point in collecting sputum is its coughing. With this action, the secret will come out of the lungs. And if a person spits up sputum, then you get a mixture of nasopharynx. Then it is not suitable for research.
The amount of secret necessary for analysis is 5 or 6 coughing. Since the process of collecting material is specific, it is best to do it alone. Sputum analysis (how to take it, we are now figuring it out) is better not to see close relatives. In addition, there is a risk that a person is infected with any serious disease. Therefore, for caution, it is necessary to carry out this procedure alone.
A special container for sputum should be used. This vessel must be sterile. Therefore, its opening is carried out immediately before filling.
How to pass sputum for analysis?
In order to correctly pass sputum, you need to carefully prepare. First, rinse your mouth with boiled water and soda. Secondly, you need to brush your teeth. After the oral cavity should also be rinsed well. Next, you need to open the window, put a chair near it and sit down. Then prepare the container. Then you need to take two breaths. They need to be deep. On the third breath, get out of the chair and exhale quickly. After this procedure, a cough should occur. Since analysis requires 5 or 6 coughing, the procedure should be repeated several times.
There are times when a person cannot collect sputum. This is due to overvoltage, then you need to relax. In order to do this, you need to get up and walk around the room, physical exercises or breast massage will be a good option for relaxation. Even before bedtime, it is recommended to drink expectorant herbal infusions. Also, a large amount of warm water will contribute to the positive collection of sputum.
After the material is collected in a container, it must be closed with a lid. In no case is it recommended to swallow sputum.
This analysis should be taken to the laboratory immediately. The container with sputum should reach the medical institution no later than 2 hours after its collection. Until the analysis is transported to the laboratory, it should be placed in the refrigerator. It is necessary to ensure that the analysis container is separate from all products.
Children and bedridden patients. How do they get this study?
How to take a general sputum analysis for children and bedridden patients? As for children, it is impossible to explain to them how to pass sputum. They swallow it. Therefore, in order to collect this analysis, they take a cotton swab and through it irritate the root of the tongue. This action causes a cough, due to which sputum falls on the swab. Then they are carried out on special glasses, dried and sent to a laboratory for research. In a similar way, sputum is collected in people who are physically weak.
Decryption of analyzes
It should be said that a healthy person does not have sputum. If it is present, it means that the body has some kind of disease. When analyzing sputum, its color and consistency are evaluated. If it is transparent, has a viscous structure, then this is a sign of a viral lesion of the upper respiratory tract and the presence of diseases such as acute respiratory viral infections and acute bronchitis.
If sputum is yellow or green, then this indicates the presence of pus in it. This symptom indicates that a person is sick with pneumonia or lung abscess. If sputum has a shade of amber color, then this is a sign of allergy. If diseases such as cancer and tuberculosis are present in the body, then there is blood in the sputum. To study the cellular composition, it is necessary to study its composition under a microscope.
Where to pass sputum for analysis? In almost any laboratory, both public and private. Sputum analysis can be collected both at home and on an outpatient basis.
Conclusion
Now you know why a sputum test is done, how to take it, we described in detail. We hope that the information in the article was useful to you.