Russia, like almost all countries in the modern world, lives in a market economy with the current principles of free employment. The economic crisis, which led to the liquidation of many unprofitable or unprofitable industries and enterprises, widened the gap between the supply of labor and demand for it. The emerging labor market problems are especially relevant today. In his system
The labor exchange occupies a special place in regulation, providing protection and interests of the most vulnerable representatives of society - the unemployed.
Labor exchange history
The first such institutions in Russia were created under the city governments of the largest industrial cities at the beginning of the last century to streamline the active migration of the population in the event of large constructions. For example, the laying of the rail track and the subsequent construction of the Ob Bridge in 1893-1896 brought new settlements to life and provoked an increase in the resettlement movement of peasants living in the surrounding villages, arriving at the construction site in large numbers. Such population migration caused considerable problems with employment and livelihoods. To solve these issues, the first resettlement centers were created, then - in 1915-1917 - labor exchanges on an equal footing.
In post-revolutionary Russia, the problems of labor and employment were considered by the country's leadership as one of the most important tasks requiring immediate solution. As a result, the People’s Commissariat of Labor was created with an extensive network of local authorities designed to regulate the market and working conditions, to help resolve conflicts between workers and employers, to carry out statistics by creating labor exchanges, identical to modern employment centers. However, in October 1930, labor exchanges in the Soviet Union were abolished by a resolution of the People’s Commissariat of Labor in connection with excess demand for labor.
The collapse of the USSR and the entry of modern Russia into market relations required a different approach to protecting the rights of citizens who lost their jobs, which was justified
adoption of the law "On Employment in the Russian Federation" in April 1991, the main purpose of which is to regulate the activities of employment centers and provide assistance in finding work. So, we determine the procedure and list of documents required in order to register with the labor exchange.
Who is assigned unemployment status?
Confirmation of this status is registration at the Employment Center no later than 11 days from the date of the provision of documentary evidence of temporary inactivity. A citizen shall be recognized as unemployed:
• having a working age;
• lack of work and earnings;
• registered with the employment service for job search;
• being in search of work and able to start it.
Who can not be recognized as unemployed?
There are certain categories of people for whom registration at the labor exchange is not possible for the following reasons:
• have not reached the age of 16;
• are old age pensioners, seniority, including early appointment;
• within 10 days from the date of registration at the Employment Center, they refused two offers of permanent or temporary work;
• within a 10-day period from the date of registration, previously not working and not having a profession refused two proposed options for vocational training or work;
• submitted documents for registration containing false information;
• within a 10-day period from the date of registration, without good reason did not appear to the inspector of the Center to familiarize themselves with the vacancies available.
Documents for registration
To register as unemployed, you must submit documents for the labor exchange:
• passport;
• work book or its duplicate;
• a document on the existing education confirming professional qualifications - diploma, certificate, certificate, etc .;
• certificate from the employer from the last place of work about the average monthly earnings for 3 months.
Features in the provision of documents of different categories of applicants
There are some additions to the list of documents required for registration:
• applicants who have been dismissed from the internal affairs bodies or from military service are required to present a military ID and an extract from the dismissal order ;
• participants in organizations (founders) must present documents on the liquidation of the company or secession from the owners, as well as appropriate confirmation of a change in the status of the company from the IFTS and Rosreestr;
• hired employees of the Public Employment Service - an employment contract signed by both parties with confirmation of payment of insurance premiums to extrabudgetary funds;
• citizens of other states - residence permit;
• students in the evening or correspondence form submit a certificate of the educational institution, updated twice a year;
• internally displaced persons are obliged to confirm their status by presenting an appropriate certificate with registration at the place of stay.
If the applicant is looking for work for the first time, then the documents required for the labor exchange are limited to a passport and proof of education.
Privileges for Fired Reductions
Having decided on what documents are needed for the labor exchange, we will pay attention to applicants who were dismissed due to staff reductions. Having registered within 14 days from the date of dismissal, they are entitled to receive severance pay from the former employer in the amount of one or two average monthly earnings, if no employment has occurred within 10 days from the date of registration. The difference in payments of this nature is due to the policy of the company of the last employer. Sometimes organizations establish benefits accepted by the Collective Agreement for reduced employees and, subject to timely registration, pay an additional severance pay in the amount of two average monthly salaries instead of one.
Help for the labor exchange
Dealing with what documents are needed for the labor exchange, one cannot fail to note the special role of the certificate on the average monthly wage. In different regions of Russia, such certificates are carried out on different forms. Sometimes employment services
special forms of this document are being developed. Therefore, it is advisable to consult before collecting documents on what documents are needed for the labor exchange, in particular, on the form of this certificate, and if such a form is a necessary condition for receiving documents, request it and provide the employer for completion.
Benefit Sizes
The most burning issue for the unemployed is not only the opportunity to register with the labor exchange, but also the size of the allowance paid.
The period and amount of benefits are determined on the basis of the work experience of the applicant, the grounds for his dismissal and previous working conditions. The statutory amount of benefits is:
• 75% of the amount of earnings indicated in the certificate, paid the first 3 months;
• 60% - the next 4 months;
• 45% - the remaining months, not exceeding the maximum level (4900 rubles) and not lower than the minimum benefit amount (850 rubles). The minimum and maximum benefits established by the Government of the Russian Federation have been applied since 2010 and so far have not been subject to indexation.
Applicants who are first engaged in job search, dismissed for guilty acts and have been unemployed for a long time are paid a minimum amount of allowance.
The benefit payment period is 12 months. If it is not possible to apply for a job during this period, the applicant has the right to extend the term for seeking work with financial support from the employment service. The maximum term for paying benefits does not exceed 24 months.
Of course, losing a job is a difficult moment in life, but it can also become a turning point. Having found out what documents are needed for the labor exchange, presenting them and registering, one cannot stand still, one must go further, looking for new reserves in oneself. You can go through retraining or open your own business, for this all conditions have been created at the labor exchange.