Projects in kindergarten became especially relevant after new educational standards were introduced in preschool education.
The founder of design technology is considered a teacher, psychologist, politician John Dewey.
What is a project activity?
The essence of this pedagogical technique is that the teacher comes up with a project aimed at solving a specific research problem. Then it is introduced into work with children. Kids are happy to engage in search activities.
A project in a kindergarten in the older group involves joint creative or play activities aimed at developing initiative, independence, commitment, responsibility in the younger generation.
Design stages in the DOE
Projects in kindergarten in the middle group involve five stages:
- the teacher's formulation of the problem, an indication of the purpose of the work, the choice of tasks;
- planning activities aimed at achieving the goal;
- search for scientific information, involvement of parents of pupils;
- presentation of project results;
- collecting reports: diagrams, drawings, photos in a portfolio.
The teacher himself performs the last stage, accumulates the materials of his pupils.
Types of projects
What projects can be used in kindergarten? Consider the main options:
- creative projects involving the study of the problem, a demonstration of the results in the form of a theatrical performance;
- role-playing types in which, in order to solve the task, children appear in the images of fairy tale characters;
- creative research projects aimed at solving the problem in the form of a newspaper, design;
- informational and practice-oriented options involving the gathering by children of the information necessary for the design of the group.
When choosing forms of work, the teacher must take into account the individual age characteristics of preschoolers. Kids are characterized by increased physical activity, so projects are associated with playing activities.
Classification
All projects in kindergarten are divided by duration into:
- short-term (several classes);
- long-term (during the school year).
The teacher can work with one child (individual activity), and with a group of preschoolers (teamwork).
The project in kindergarten in the senior group is a great way to involve children in active creative activity. Such work contributes to the formation of cognitive interest in preschool children, helps the teacher build individual educational trajectories for each pupil.
For example, projects in kindergarten allow you to correct speech problems in children, to develop communication skills.
Project example in a preschool educational institution
How to organize activities? In order to answer this question, we present finished projects in kindergarten. For example, in some preschool institutions, special speech therapy groups are distinguished.
The project on the theme “Onion: tasty, healthy, interesting” is intended to develop the ability to find certain information, make reports, and issue newspapers.
Among the main tasks that the teacher sets:
- expansion of preschoolers' ideas about varieties, the place of onion growth;
- the formation of the child's skills and skills of preparing a retelling;
- increasing the interest of parents in the creative activities of babies.
Similar projects in kindergarten contribute to the joint activities of children and adults. The result will be the creation of an onion information newspaper.
The participants in this project will be preschoolers, their dads and mothers, a teacher, a music worker.
Ready-made projects in kindergarten involve the use of special equipment, visual materials. For example, for the project in question, seedlings, work equipment will be required.
In the information corner, the teacher adds material on the topic related to onions: proverbs, puzzles, tips for growing.
You can start such a project of a kindergarten group with a role-playing game in which children themselves choose their duties. Someone will plant onions, another baby will water. They also choose a child (group of children) who will be engaged in creative activities: applications, drawings.
Action plan
The teacher organizes an exhibition of children on the topic "Work in our garden." For her, information material is selected: postcards, newspaper clippings, didactic games, fiction.
Next, they sow onions with their parents and teacher. The children from the preparatory group demonstrate the fairy tale “Cipollino” to the younger children.
A health professional prepares a lecture for the parent meeting on the benefits of onions. The teacher chooses with the children the topics of messages on which they will arrange creative work.
After the completion of the project, the results of activities are summarized, a newspaper is drawn up, and tasty onion dishes are presented.
The musician organizes the awarding ceremony for the best culinary specialists.
Conclusion
Small projects in kindergarten are an integration option of the educational program. A similar technique is associated with the use of various techniques that contribute to the deep development of the topic. Project work helps teachers increase the efficiency and effectiveness of an educational project.
As part of the implementation of projects in state preschool institutions for second-generation educational standards, children receive independent work skills, the teacher acts as a tutor.
The process of solving the task set by the teacher is so fascinating for the preschooler that he learns to plan work, control individual stages, and predict the results. Among the main tasks that the project methodology successfully solves, we note the stimulation of the natural curiosity of preschoolers by increasing their self-esteem.
Kids who took an active part in research at a preschool educational institution are much more successful and more active than their peers during school life.