In total, the human body contains about 20-35 mg of iodine. It is distributed unevenly throughout the body. Less of it is detected in the kidneys and blood, the maximum values are determined in the thyroid gland. Almost half of all iodine (10-15 mg) is concentrated here. This element is in the skin, pituitary gland, salivary glands, prostate gland. In muscles, the concentration of this element is almost 1000 times less than in the thyroid gland.
Information sheet
Inorganic compounds of iodine (in the form of iodides) are present in water and food consumed by humans. They are capable of being absorbed along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum intensity of a similar process was found in the small intestine. Iodine also enters the body through the lungs, which is important for residents of marine coastal areas.
In 4000 liters of air that passes through the lungs in half a day, about 0.044 mg of iodine, with one fifth of it being exhaled back. In small amounts, iodine also enters the human body through the skin.
Excess substances are characteristic of people who are employed in industries related to the extraction of this halogen. Excessive use of iodine negatively affects human health. It is considered safe to consider a daily dose of this substance up to 500 mcg. Exceeding this indicator leads to vomiting, fever, drop in blood pressure, convulsions. If there are signs of an allergy, any self-treatment with iodine-containing drugs is strictly prohibited.
The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck. It includes two halves connected by a thin isthmus. If the patient's condition is satisfactory, then the size of one half, called the lobe, corresponds to the size of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Thanks to the thyroid gland, active substances are produced: hormones required for the growth, physical and mental development of the child. This organ was formed in the fetus already in the second week of development, in the third month it works fully, and until that moment, the thyroid gland of the mother’s body performs its main function.
If the child experiences a significant iodine deficiency in infancy, a significant lag in mental, mental, physical development is formed in him. With the normal provision of a growing organism with this substance, mental activity is activated. Iodine is one of the highest quality oxidation catalysts in the human body. With its insufficient amount, incomplete combustion of the consumed food is observed, which leads to the formation of fat reserves.
Characteristics and types
Consider the main thyroid hormones, the norm% in women. The table below shows the main types that the body needs. Analysis of some components makes it possible to identify abnormalities in women's health.
What is the effect of hormone levels? The thyroid gland is normally involved in tissue oxygen consumption. Its hormones become active participants in the production of energy and the neutralization of free radicals:
thyrotrope (TSH) is a thyroid regulator, produced in the pituitary gland at the base of the brain;
the norm of the hormone T4 and T3 (thyroxins and triiodothyronines), secreted by the command of TSH, promotes the development and growth of the body, activation of physical and mental processes in women;
TPO (immune autoantibodies), which are produced against the enzyme of the gland - thyroperoxidase (anti TPO).
Features of thyrotropin and the threat of deviations
TSH is the thyroid-stimulating hormones of the female thyroid gland that are synthesized by the pituitary gland in order to comply with the norm of the hormones T4 and T3 in the vessels. They contribute to the active acceleration of glandular cell growth. With injuries of the pituitary gland, a decrease in the norm of T3 and T4 occurs. An excess of TSH is possible with poor-quality adrenal gland function, hypothyroidism, tumor formation, as well as with mental disorders.
The content of triiodothyronine
Three atoms of iodine create thyroid hormones. The norm and pathology depends on the number of bonds that are formed with other substances when they enter the bloodstream. With a small amount of components unbound with proteins, “free” T3 is formed, which helps to increase the biological activity of substances.
Total TK consists of free parts and those that are connected with TK proteins. The norm of thyroid hormones in children is presented in the table.
In the presence of pathologies and during pregnancy, malfunctioning of the thyroid hormones is possible, which lead to the following problems:
As a result, liver diseases, nephrotic syndrome, choriocarcin appear. If the norm of the thyroid hormones in pregnant women decreases, this indicates a malfunction in the metabolism. After childbirth, an increase in the hormones of an unhealthy thyroid is possible.
Diagnosis and function of thyroxine
Gland cells capture iodine and amino acids, creating the thyroglobulin required for storage in the tissues of the female body. In case of T4 deficiency, thyroglobulin is divided into fragments, enters the blood as a hormone T4. With thyrotoxicosis, an excessive amount of hormones is possible, the norm of thyroid hormones in menopause decreases.
Antibodies
With the help of a blood test, tests related to the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, goiter, chronic hepatitis can be supplemented. For a malignant tumor, autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, an increase in the hormone thyroglobulin is characteristic. The analysis involves the following indicators:
When testing is required
It is necessary when it is important to check thyroid hormones. The norm in women (table in the photo) is a standard, deviations from which are a cause for concern. Testing is important when:
symptoms of inhibition or secretion of hormones;
upon detection of tumors, diffuse goiter, the appearance of nodes;
pregnancy, conception, after the birth of a child;
after surgery
with weight correction.
What can be ascertained from the transcript of analyzes
Gland disorders, which are detected through tests, help establish the presence (absence) of a problem. A number of works are performed by laboratory means:
an increase in the number of lymphocytes is detected by a general blood test;
the immunogram checks the amount of autoantibodies to TSH, TPO, TG;
determined by the level of T4 and T3 in serum;
ultrasound reveals dimensional and structural changes;
an increase in lymphocytes is determined by a fine needle biopsy.
Thanks to the diagnosis, thyroid hormones are determined. The norm in men (table above) is slightly different from the indicators characteristic of women. Using diagnostic methods, it is possible to detect delayed and active secretions of hormones, their functionality, detect iodine deficiency, determine a predisposition to the disease.
Who decodes the results
The endocrinologist studies and interprets the results. The doctor prescribes prevention or treatment, taking into account the norm of hormones, gender and age of the person, the properties of the body, the consumption of antipsychotics, glucocorticoids.
Why is it important to analyze thyroid hormones? The norm (the table presented above) is the standard by which the specialist determines the level of the problem, finds ways to solve it.
Thyrotropin
It is used as the main indicator of the thyroid gland. Despite the fact that it is produced in the brain, it is prescribed in case of suspicion of thyroid pathology. What are the main functions of these thyroid hormones? The norm (table in the photo) depends on the age, gender of the patient. The main functions of TTG:
Thyrotropin promotes activation of the blood supply to the thyroid gland, the rapid capture of iodine molecules in the follicles. Its maximum amount in the blood is reached at night, the minimum - in the evening. The synthesis of TSH during the year is significantly different. Most of it is produced in the winter, the indicator takes a minimum value in the summer. TSH is prescribed by a patient who is diagnosed with goiter, subclinical hypothyroidism is revealed.
With respect to the stronger sex, when is it still important to determine these thyroid hormones? The norm (table for men) is relevant in the presence of problems in the sexual field, with impotence, decreased libido, infertility.
Calcitonin
It is produced in the C cells of the thyroid gland, as well as in other structural units of the endocrine diffuse system. This protein hormone is involved in the metabolism of calcium, is a marker of medullary cancer. Receptors for it are found in monocytes, osteoclasts, the brain, lungs, liver, and gonads. Calcitonin reduces the concentration of phosphorus and calcium in the blood.
The essence of the action of the hormone is to suppress osteoclasts, inhibit bone resorption, reduce the reuptake of phosphorus and calcium by the kidneys, and reduce the absorption of calcium ions in the intestine.
In an adult male, the normal rate is calcitonin: 0-8.4 pg / ml. If this indicator is exceeded, the probability of medullary thyroid cancer or other oncological diseases is high.
Conclusion
Why is it important to determine thyroid hormones? Norms, tables given indicators are important for diagnosis, assessment of human condition. The general state of health depends on the usefulness of the thyroid gland. In order to timely identify various problems of the functioning of this body, special laboratory tests are needed. Testing is carried out only in the morning. The endocrinologist advises women to undergo a similar analysis in the following cases: for menstrual irregularities, sudden mood swings, weight loss or weight gain, and the appearance of effigy.
Hormonal disorders lead to serious problems in women during pregnancy. Lack of T3 and T4 causes chronic fatigue, leads to neurological problems, slow heart rate, decreased intelligence, worsening skin color.