Oil (or “black gold”) is a combustible liquid fossil that has a biological origin. This is a kind of mixture of hydrocarbons with compounds that contain oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
What are petroleum products?
Petroleum products are the resulting mixtures after the processing of "black gold". Distillation is initially carried out. Then clean up. Almost five hundred chemical compounds are in oil. All of them are in various states of aggregation. They can be gaseous, solid and liquid.
How to determine the presence of oil in wastewater?
The determination of petroleum products in wastewater is carried out by three main methods:
- gravimetric;
- gas chromatographic;
- IR spectrometric.
With the correct application of any of these methods, accurate results are obtained to determine the presence and quantity of oil. There are two more ways to determine. But they show not quite accurate results and require additional verification. The main method for determining oil is called gravimetric.
Industrial value of oil
Oil is one of the most valuable types of raw materials, having a second name - “black gold”. And all because the countries in which there are deposits of this combustible liquid fossil are leading in the global economy. Petroleum products - this is refined oil, the products of which are included in all spheres of human life.
In everyday life, people often use substances or objects made of "black gold". And often they don’t even realize that the composition of everyday things includes fossil fuels. These are kettles, washing machines, toys and much more.
Where are petroleum products stored?
Storage of "black gold" and petroleum products is carried out in special containers, which are installed not only in oil fields, but also in pumping and liquid filling stations. And also at refineries, tank farms and gas stations.
The tank for petroleum products is made of non-combustible materials. Capacities can be located directly on the earth or under it. The most popular are cylindrical tanks made of steel. At small oil depots, under- and above-ground horizontal cylindrical tanks are installed. RVS tanks with spherical, shield and conical roofs are common. The bottom is flat.
Tanks can be low, high and overpressure. Large reserves of oil and oil products are stored mainly in underground storage facilities. Safe and proper operation of the tanks is ensured thanks to additional special equipment.
Oil product quality control
The quality of petroleum products is checked in laboratories by the method of samples. From the moment you receive the liquid fossil to final consumption. Oil samples are sometimes very different. The quality of "black gold" in many respects depends on the depth of its location. And oil products differ in place and method of production, how it was carried out. Important conditions and duration of storage. Therefore, to determine the quality of petroleum products, there are GOSTs that are worth orienting on.
In what areas are oil and oil products used?
One of the most valuable properties of oil is combustion. Therefore, first of all, this liquid fossil is used in industry as a fuel. Modern fuel consists of more than 50% oil. In second place in the use of oil and petroleum products is the household sector. In addition, in the form of recycled materials it is used in medicine and cosmetology. Jewelry and synthetic fabrics are made from petroleum products.
Where is crude oil and its waste used?
In its original form as a liquid natural fossil oil is rarely used. Only in the construction of pipelines and power lines. After mining, “black gold” undergoes special processing. First, the raw materials are cleaned. Then the primary processing is carried out. At this time, oil is distilled, divided into its constituent components. Then comes the secondary processing of "black gold" when the structure of the carbon of a natural mineral changes.
Industrial oil use
Black gold wastes are used for the production of coke, which is then used in metallurgy, and for the manufacture of welding electrodes. Refined oil is petroleum products. Russia is one of the countries with huge reserves of “black gold” on its territory; its mining is carried out year-round.
There is even such a variety as "white oil", which contains more than eighty percent of kerosene, it is used to treat oncology. Traditional healers make tinctures, compresses and ointments from such oil.
After the initial processing, various types of substances are obtained:
- diesel fuel;
- petrol;
- jet and diesel fuel ;
- fuel oil;
- lubricants;
- liquefied gas.
After processing fuel oil, an oil residue appears, from which are made:
- bitumen;
- paraffin;
- liquid fuel for boiler rooms ;
- many oils;
- asphalt.
The components that are obtained during the initial processing of oil are used in the cosmetic field, construction of roads and houses.
After secondary processing, oil is used for the manufacture of:
- rubber;
- polymers;
- synthetic fabrics;
- rubber;
- film materials;
- detergents;
- paint coatings;
- fertilizers;
- pavement etc.
The use of oil in cosmetology
The high quality of some petroleum products allows their widespread use in cosmetology. Recycled "black gold" has become the basis for shadows, varnishes, eyeliners and lips. Most perfumes and eau de toilette are partially composed of petroleum products. And also they are part of dyes and various jewelry.
The use of "black gold" in medicine
Petroleum products are the black gold that has undergone refining and refining. It was found many useful properties that have found their application in medicine. The most common medicine is acetylsalicylic acid, or Aspirin. At the end of the nineteenth century, scientists found a way to extract the drug from phenol. On its basis are now made:
- antibiotics
- medicines for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- antiseptics;
- anti-TB drugs;
- sedatives.
Oil in food
In modern times, petroleum products are also part of the components of some food products. The use of liquid natural fossil for human food has become possible thanks to the synthesis of protein. It is made from petroleum waste. The resulting artificial protein perfectly replaces the animal and is widely used for the production of many food products.
It is possible to list everything that is made from oil for a long time. These are many items used by people in everyday life. The widespread use of oil is the main reason for the regular increase in its price. And this is true, since “black gold” makes it possible to warm up, move quickly, and also helps to create comfortable living conditions. Without all this, modern life is hard to imagine.