Author's speech is the embodiment of the image of the author, who is responsible for what has been said. Most often found in artistic speech to emphasize the character’s speech. When using it is important to know the rules for punctuation.
What is the author's speech: the term
The text may contain various forms of the presence of the author. Most of all manifested in the epigraph, title, at the end of the work. They are noted in the preface, in the author's comments, remarks.
The narration is from a person, regardless of whether it is lyrical or epic. This will be an objective author’s speech, where the writer makes a message on his behalf. Egocentric words are used: the pronouns “I, you, this”, the adverbs “here, there, now”, indicators of subjective modality in the form of statements, introductory words that indicate the speaker. The author's speech is distinctive and expressive.
Features and specifications
In fiction, in journalism, the author’s speech is manifested in the characterization of the characters, in the landscape and the atmosphere. The reader vividly represents the idea of ​​a writer or journalist who, with the help of his statements, explains his point of view. Most often issued from a third party. When using the image of the author-narrator, lyrical hero, the narration occurs from the first person.
Sometimes the author moves away from the events of the story, while expressing personal thoughts and feelings. Fragments are called copyright digressions. If the author expresses his own feelings, this is called a digression. The peculiarity of author’s speech is the use of words with the help of direct speech of the characters, which includes the verbs of thought and feeling “speak”, “object”, “affirmed”, “resent”, “surprised”.
Grammatical completeness
All sentences, including the author’s speech, are divided into three main types. The first group contains sentences consisting only of a grammatical basis. The second includes elliptical constructions in which one of the main members is missing. The third group includes common sentences, with a full grammatical basis and secondary members. The first kind is not often used in author’s speech, but sentences are used to achieve emotional stressful narration.
Methods of transmitting author's speech
It is important to observe the rules about punctuation marks in the author’s speech when making sentences in writing. The words of the author may be in different positions in relation to direct speech.
Located in front of the hero’s speech. Then after it you need to put a colon and a punctuation mark, indicating the nature of the statement.
Mom thought and said: “What are you, afraid to be misunderstood?”
It is after the words of the speaker. In this case, they first put a question mark, exclamations, commas, ellipses, and only after that a dash.
“Is this a finished product?” - Anna asked the director.
"Ah, how bored with you!" - exclaimed Maria Skachko hotly.
“It’s not difficult, I can handle it in an instant,” thought Jung.
Divide direct speech into two parts. Then, before the words of the author, it is necessary to put a punctuation mark depending on the nature of the first part of direct speech, followed by a dash. If the sentence is completed, put an end; if not, a comma.
“My name is Milanya,” the girl said quietly, “but everyone calls me Sweetheart.”
If the author’s words include two verbs with the meaning of the statement, each of which is in the first and second parts, you must put a colon and a dash.
“Do not be silent, say something,” she asked, and added: “Please!”
The story contains the words of the author and other persons. Their introduction into the proposal occurs in several ways: using direct speech, indirect speech, dialogue, improperly direct speech.
Schematic design
Symbols help to understand where the words of authorship end and direct speech begins. The capital letter “A” indicates that the author’s words must be capitalized. If the letter "a" is small, then with a lowercase.
There are several options for processing proposals using the scheme. They need to be remembered.
"P" - a. "P!" - a. "P?" - a.
“I will also help the kids,” Petya agreed.
"Well done!" I exclaimed.
“And what do you propose to do?” I asked, not hoping for his answer.
A: "P". A: "P!" A: "P?"
I thought for a long time, and then blurted out: "I am correcting the situation."
Unexpectedly for me, he exclaimed: “How glad I am to see you!”
Maybe this was inappropriate, but I asked: "Who needs help?"
"P, - a, - p." "P, - a. - P".
“Our conversation was short,” said Maria Petrovna, “but I think he will correct the situation.”
“We are going to the lake before the weather turns bad,” continued Lusia to mutter. “So hurry up, otherwise the rain will catch us.”
A: "P" - a. A: "P!" - a. A: "P?" - a.
Dad answered: “I will help make you a new house” - and again he continued to saw the boards.
She cried out: “It cannot be!” - and quickly rushed off to the kitchen.
Grandma thought for a long time before asking: “How many pies do you need to bake?” - and continued to knead the dough.
With the help of the author’s speech, we get acquainted with the theme of the work or text. Using it in fiction allows you to understand the hero, the author’s attitude to him. This reveals the nature and features of the work. This is what attracts the reader.