Vaccination of a newborn child is carried out according to a specially compiled calendar, which also includes vaccination for a child aged 1 month. Prior to this, all the necessary vaccinations are introduced in the hospital. And only after one month has passed, a new vaccine is prescribed for the child, which is important for protecting the body of a small baby from the effects of dangerous diseases. Before the procedure, the parent must first know what vaccination is given to the child in 1 month of life.
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After one month after birth, the baby still remains small, its organs and systems only adapt to the environment. Nevertheless, even at such an early age, it is important to protect his body from the penetration of dangerous infections that are common in the surrounding air.
What vaccination per month is needed? At this age, it is important for a newborn to receive only one mandatory vaccination - re-vaccination against hepatitis B.
Such vaccination is conditionally considered mandatory, since currently there are no laws that would force parents to vaccinate a newborn. In any case, parents can write a refusal of vaccination.
Inoculation in 1 month is recommended to the child only one. For the first time, hepatitis B vaccination is carried out immediately after birth - even in the hospital. After 30 days, the parents are invited to the clinic again for a second routine vaccination against the same disease. In total, about four should be vaccinated in the first year of life from hepatitis B (the third - at the age of 2 months, the fourth - already in a year).
When following the established vaccination schedule in a child, a stable immunity against hepatitis B is formed in a short time, therefore, even with direct contact with the source of infection will not occur.
The importance of the procedure
What vaccine is given in 1 month? With hepatitis B infection, the process of inflammation in the liver begins to actively develop in the child's body. With such a lesion, organ cells die in a short time, lose their functionality, and the organ itself ceases to function normally. Additionally, there are problems with blood purification, the digestive process and other organs.
This condition is especially dangerous for a child who has just been born, since his immune system is not yet fully developed at this moment, which can lead to dangerous consequences. Despite the fact that most often the baby’s body recovers after hepatitis B therapy, there is a risk of death due to organ malfunctions. In this case, this risk reaches one percent. In some children, a chronic form of the disease begins to be provoked.
Vaccination at an early age, including a 1-month hepatitis vaccine, helps protect a child from exposure to a dangerous infection. In particular, such protection is necessary for children at risk, especially for infants born to women who during the pregnancy were infected with the hepatitis virus. Such babies are vaccinated in an emergency according to the scheme drawn up by the doctor.
Even if the child is not at risk, then infection in the first months and years of growth and development of the child can still occur. A child can become infected in the following cases:
- When breast milk, if a woman at that time became infected herself, for example, during any medical therapy in the clinic.
- In the treatment of the baby itself: taking blood for analysis, transfusion.
- A kid can become infected with the virus by playing in a simple sandbox if he accidentally picks up a discarded syringe that was previously used by a sick person.
- If in a kindergarten or on the playground of a child another sick kid with hepatitis B will bite
From this it can be inferred that, despite the fact that hepatitis B, as a rule, is transmitted through blood or body fluids, everyone who has not received an injection can be infected. In this case, the risk is high that even the most accurate baby will get sick, which is carefully monitored by parents.
Vaccination should be carried out at an early age, when the child is still in minimal contact with the environment and objects.
Vaccination preparation
Parents need not only to find out what vaccinations are needed for a newborn at 1 month old, it is also important to understand how to prepare for such a procedure. The most important thing to follow is the following rules:
- Monitor the child’s diet throughout the week until the appointed procedure. It is forbidden to give the child to try new milk formulas, baby supplements. It is also forbidden to overheat the child and allow the impact on his body of negative factors.
- All preventive measures should be taken to protect the baby from the effects of any infectious process. Specialists do not recommend visiting other people's homes with the child during preparation, and friends and relatives should not be allowed to go home either. The lower the risk of infection, the higher the chance that the entire vaccination procedure will be correct and that the child will not have symptoms of SARS or flu.
- On the day of vaccination in the clinic, parents should carefully examine the child and determine their health status. It is preliminary important to measure body temperature.
- Also, a couple of days before going to the clinic, parents should clarify what vaccination the child needs to have in 1 month, and also appoint the exact date and time of the procedure. More information can help prevent problems and reduce the time spent in the hospital.
Modern vaccines against the disease are distinguished by their effectiveness and safety. Vaccination in one month of a child can be carried out using the following means:
- "Recombinant yeast vaccine";
- "Regevac B";
- Eberbiovac;
- Sci-B-Vac;
- Angerix-B.
Also, the doctor may prescribe some other vaccines that have already been tested and approved for use.
Vaccination against hepatitis in 1 month will help the child protect his body from the disease, it is carried out intramuscularly. In this case, the administered agent enters the bloodstream of the child, spreads throughout the body and creates a protective immunity. Injection is most often given in the thigh, in rare cases, in the shoulder.
When you can not carry out the procedure
Before vaccination, the doctor examines the child to determine possible contraindications for vaccination. The most common contraindications for hepatitis 1 child vaccination at 1 month include:
- The presence in the mother of the child of an allergic reaction to bakery and yeast products. This can be explained by the fact that the recombinant vaccine contains particles of yeast. In this case, the vaccination must either be carried out by another means to completely abandon it.
- In the presence of allergy symptoms in the baby, you should tell the doctor in advance about this, who will be able to determine exactly what vaccination should be given to the child at the age of one month, and will also advise how to prevent complications.
- The baby is too light. If a newborn baby weighs less than two kilograms, then hepatitis B vaccination can be done later, after the baby's weight is restored.
- Problems with protecting the immune system.
- The presence in the child’s body of autoimmune processes.
- Infectious diseases: if any, vaccination will have to be postponed until the child’s body is fully restored.
Possible negative effects
After a 1-month vaccination against hepatitis B, a child may experience some problems, although such cases are not common. What are these unpleasant consequences? In some newborns, the following reactions to a hepatitis vaccine in 1 month may occur:
- a pronounced red spot appears at the vaccine injection site;
- the body temperature of the child rises significantly;
- there is general weakness, malaise in the baby and other symptoms;
- causeless diarrhea.
The listed symptoms occur quite rarely and pass quickly, in just a few days.
In extremely rare cases (one out of a thousand cases), the following reactions to vaccination occur in 1 month:
- rashes, urticaria;
- anaphylactic shock;
- erythema nodosum.
Hepatitis B vaccination cannot lead to problems with the nervous system and provoke autoimmune disorders.
You cannot get an infection from the components of the vaccine itself. Vaccines used do not include a whole virus, but only single particles of its outer shell, which cannot lead to damage to the body. Such particles only form an immune response to pathogens penetrating the body.
It is important to remember that in one month the newborn is recommended to have only one vaccination, which is included in the vaccination calendar compiled by specialists. Before the procedure, parents must not only determine which vaccine will be given to the baby, but also carefully prepare for the procedure.
Other common ailments
In Russia there is a list of certain diseases, vaccinations against which must be carried out without fail for all children under one year of age. The main diseases:
- measles;
- rubella;
- diphtheria;
- whooping cough;
- tetanus;
- hemophilic injection;
- polio.
In addition, at the request of the parent, the baby can be vaccinated against influenza and encephalitis, chickenpox and hepatitis A.
Against tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a serious chronic disease that spreads mainly to the lungs, bones and brain. When vaccinating a child, special weakened bacteria of bovine tuberculosis are introduced, which protect his body from the disease.
In the first year of the baby's life, one vaccination is prescribed, which provides him with protection up to seven years. Premature infants or children with reduced weight, the vaccine is carried out using a special form of medicine, which contains fewer bacteria. In the event that the child's immunity is not strong enough (which can be diagnosed by means of the Mantoux test), another vaccination is carried out after a year.
Types of vaccination
Since hepatitis B is a rather dangerous disease, there are many vaccination schemes for it - about three.
Doctors made special vaccination schedules as a result of a catastrophic increase in the number of sick children:
- Standard form: 0-1-6 (the first vaccination of a child against hepatitis in the first days of his life, the second vaccination against hepatitis 1 month later. This is the most effective and common vaccination schedule.
- Quick vaccination schedule: 0-1-2-12 (the first vaccine is given immediately after the birth of the baby, the second after one month, the third after a few months, and the fourth after 12 months.). With this scheme, the baby's immune defense is developed quickly, so it is customary to use it for children who are at risk of damage.
- Emergency vaccination: 0-7-21-12 (the first vaccination is when the baby is born, the second after 7 days, the third from hepatitis after 21 days, the fourth exactly after 12 months). This scheme is also used for the rapid formation in the baby's body of a stable immunity to infection - most often before surgery.
If the vaccine against the disease was not carried out for some reason in the hospital, then the timing of the first vaccination is selected by the attending specialist, discussing them with the parents. After that, it is important to follow one of the above schemes. If the second vaccine was missed and after that 5 years have already passed, then the vaccination schedule is started anew. If the third injection is missed, then carry out the second scheme.
After a single vaccination, the immune defense against hepatitis B in a child is formed only for a certain period of time. For the formation of long-term immunity to damage, a vaccination schedule is drawn up, which includes about 3 injections. The interval between all injections can be lengthened, but not reduced, as this can provoke the appearance of inferior immunity in the child.
If we talk about the duration of vaccination, that is, if the entire vaccination schedule was strictly followed, then you should not worry about human health over the next 22 years. It is this period that the protection against hepatitis B continues to persist. In particular, it is important to give such vaccination to those babies who are at risk.
In the presence of tetanus, pertussis and diphtheria
Such diseases are dangerous with their toxins produced in the body by their pathogens. Mortality from such diseases among newborns is the highest. Against lesions, doctors have created a special complex drug, which includes a small amount of diphtheria and tetanus toxins.
Such components help the child's body to develop immunity to these lesions. The first vaccination is carried out in the first four months of the baby's life, and the last - in six months. In total, about three vaccinations should be given in the first year.
Polio infection
Polio is an infectious disease that disrupts the nervous and endocrine system of a child. There are a large number of fatal cases with such a lesion. The main complication is paralysis. Doctors have developed two vaccines against such a dangerous disease.
The first contains live but weakened polio viruses, and the second contains only virus proteins. The first two vaccines are carried out by an inactivated agent, after which live oral multivaccination is used.
During the first year, three polio vaccines are carried out, which form a stable immunity to the disease in the body up to the age of 10 years. When vaccinating, it is important to remember that not every expensive drug brings the desired effect. Each remedy has its pros and cons, so it is important to consult a doctor before using them.