The vast majority of citizens of any country want to work calmly and honestly in full confidence that their work increases family welfare. Therefore, such expensive and limited in number of objects as building plots, fields, gardens and other territories of different ownership forms should be uniquely identified in all the characteristics possible in each situation. This state of affairs completely eliminates the possibility of fraud and territorial disputes.
Land is real estate
All information on land owned by the state, municipalities, and individuals is in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRN). Three main types of such property can be distinguished: land, housing and non-residential premises.
Land is real estate in the full sense of the word. It, just as housing was, is and will be in the sphere of interests of any sane citizen. Earth rarely disappears completely (for example, goes under water). Sometimes it is made unusable by people who do not care about the future of their descendants. With the growth of the population, the cost of most plots increases, especially in large cities, since the creation of residential and non-residential real estate is inalienable from land, which, it would seem, went to everyone for free from nature. It is especially paradoxical that the largest pollution of nature is produced by people who, through their own labor, have obtained land for their own business and know the value of everything.
Land categories
One of the most effective tools for maintaining land quality and controlling their use is the division of all the country's lands into categories reflecting their possible purpose. This principle of accounting allows you to impose a ban on other activities in certain territories for individuals and legal entities. In the RF RF, their categories are named:
- Agricultural land.
- Settlements.
- Land for industrial facilities, energy, communications and the like.
- Protected areas (e.g. cultural monuments).
- Forestry.
- Water fund.
- Reserve.
It is impossible to plan any activity related to the attraction of new lands, without taking into account their purpose, reflected in the documentation for each piece of the territory of the Russian Federation.
Public Cadastral Map
It was created for such purposes:
- Limit polluting activities of people.
- Create an information base for the full functioning of the land market.
- Protect the rights of land owners and people entering into land relations with them.
- That there were legal grounds for resolving contentious issues relating to land.
It is based on approximately 40 million maps (plans) of land management objects in all regions of the country and a slightly smaller number of sites are not described, since until 2001 the procedure for accurately establishing borders (surveying) was optional. This situation has developed by 2018.
The electronic cadastral map was created by the government service of Rosreestr. According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2009 No. 621, the map (plan) of the land management object is transmitted to the USRN in electronic submission. Access to the electronic map is open to any user online on the Rosreestra portal and on many sites easily found by popular search engines.
Information contained in the map:
- Land address.
- Area with a small margin of error.
- Cadastral value.
- Date of registration of the site.
- Type of ownership.
- Special purpose.
- Permitted use of the territory.
- Reproduction of borders.
- Cadastral number.
Who needs it
A public virtual card, based on a multitude of scattered maps (plans) of land management objects, allows professionals involved in land affairs and real estate to obtain the facts necessary for their future work and client safety several times faster. The card must be used by every citizen who is going to conclude a deal related to real estate in order to avoid mistakes and litigation. The changing cadastral value of the plot provides information on the amount of tax that is levied by the state when drawing up sales and lease agreements.
When selling real estate, a citizen must have the original documents confirming his ownership of the alienated object. If a proxy sells, it is best to make sure that the owner does not mind it. If you check the ownership with a cadastral map, then only the fraudster will become worse from this. If the object of interest to the buyer is not included in the USRN, you need to contact BTI for information that previously kept records of real estate in the fixed territory.
Using this card, state and administrative bodies can more effectively control land use. It greatly facilitates the work of environmentalists. The card allows you to determine the administrative affiliation of the site and the details of the desired branch of the cadastre service, which can be useful when entering into inheritance rights.
Small components of a large map
In the 2016 edition of Government Decree 2009 No. 621, the map (plan) of the land management object is described in great detail. The content items are listed, the structure of the title page is fixed, a definition is given. A map (plan) of an object of land management is a document that graphically recreates the image of an object, providing its qualitative, quantitative and spatial characteristics. The text part defines the circle of persons and organizations responsible for the accuracy of the information.
Cadastral engineers registered as individual entrepreneurs (IPs) are authorized to perform land surveying, or they are authorized by the legal entity in which they work, having signed a contract with the customer. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs can carry out any land management work in their territories without anyone’s permission, if this does not infringe on anyone’s interests. The map created captures changes in previous data that could have occurred on the ground. To do this, it is checked with the documentation stored in the USRN.
Description
Requirements for the design of a map (plan) of a land management object begin from observing the sequence of arrangement of its components:
- Title page.
- Content.
- The text part.
- The grafical part.
- Application.
Below is a photo showing what the title page of a document looks like.
As can be seen from the sample, filling out the map (plan) of the land management object requires the provision of detailed information about the entities that ordered and performed the work. Organizations participating in the agreement share the responsibility of the contractor. If there are several such organizations, the number of columns increases.
The second option is approval of the letter. There enter his registration number and date of compilation. Next is a description of the subject of approval.
Text part
The form of the map (plan) of the land management object has graphs describing such indicators:
1. The reasons for the organization of work and information about their executor.
The grounds may be:
- Buying / selling land.
- Acceptance of an inheritance.
- Receiving land as a gift.
- Change of borders with the aim of greater convenience in processing, elimination of inclusions of extraneous sites, redistribution of the territory within the partnership of land users in order to provide more convenient approaches and closer distance to the estates of users.
- Merger or division of sites.
- Cost estimate.
- Creating a map (plan) of the land management object.
- Assignment of cadastral number to the site.
- Inventory.
- Building land.
- The need for the production process of any services on the site.
- Boundary and other altercations of owners and other subjects of land use.
The form contains documents confirming the existence of reasons, a list of materials used to create the card, the names of the institutions that issued or took the documents. When using cards, the scale, date of compilation and updating are entered.
2. The maximum possible amount of information about the object, including address and size. The area and its error are entered if calculated.
3. Outline of the boundaries, their parts and the method of selecting coordinates.
The following example of filling out a map (plan) of a land management object clearly demonstrates that experience and preparation are needed to draw up a document.
4. Comparison of new and old borders and their parts. The video below demonstrates that you can use the map (plan) of the land management object as a sample document that helps to conduct the approval process relatively quickly, based on carefully verified facts.
To write or print text, A4 sheets are needed. According to the requirements for the map (plan) of the land management object, the area is calculated in square meters. meters with an error of ± 0.5 m2 or in hectares with an error of 0.005 ha. For characteristic points selected to fix borders or parts thereof, one numbering is used for the entire document. The enumeration of the points selected for the outline of the boundaries in the form of a closed loop, begin and end in the same place on the map. In the case of an open boundary line, characteristic points are named separately for each segment. Their coordinates are expressed in meters with an accuracy of 0.01 m. You also need to name the coordinate method chosen for them and the error of their calculation. Fields left blank are filled with a dash.
Boundary plan (graphic part)
The graphic component of the map (plan) of the land management object is a plan of the boundaries of the measured territory. It can be performed using computer graphics programs. All text fragments in the map (plan) of the boundaries of the land management object are filled in legibly with blue ink. In the manual version, this condition applies to the entire document. Using a pencil is not allowed. The form of compiling a map (plan) of the land management object is designed to provide good readability. Therefore, the sheet format for the graphic part may be larger than A4. It depends on the size of the surveyed area. For the same purpose, the image of the characteristic points of the borders is permissible to take out to free space. It is possible to draw each part of the border and not fit areas on a separate form. Then a map of the mutual arrangement of parts of the borders is added to the map. If large and significant objects are contained near the measured site, they are recorded in the document.
The plan may contain:
- Borders or parts thereof with characteristic points.
- Registered administrative and territorial borders.
- The boundaries of natural and artificially created objects.
- Cadastral numbers of neighboring plots, to which the description of the study area is oriented.
- Required Conventional Signs.
- A table listing the names and parts of the borders of adjoining objects belonging to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, and NPs.
- Scale.
If any of the above is missing, then a dash is put in the column.
As a result of the development of a map (plan), the boundaries of the land management object should coincide with those on the cartographic image of the territory (with the same scale).
General requirements
When compiling maps, the Russian language is used (except in specific situations). Only Arabic numerals apply. On each sheet, you must specify the name of the document and the desired section. Numbering of sheets through. Their number is reflected in the title. Blots are allowed in exceptional situations and are certified by the signature and seal of the author of the work.
The structure of land surveying
Compliance with the developed sequence of actions protects against errors and shortcomings, saves time. Surveying is recommended to be divided into stages:
1. Preparation of a map (plan) of a land management object begins with the collection of permits and other documentation for land surveying for a specific purpose. For example, an application for the assignment of a cadastral number to a site is a sufficient reason. How to properly draw up a map (plan) of the land management object, the sample below demonstrates.
Such materials may also be required:
Decision of the local administration on the allocation of land to a citizen or a legal entity.
- Land Management Project.
- Topographic data and photo materials.
- Map (plan) of the site.
- Data on transactions related to the land.
- Information about the purpose of the land.
- Lists and schemes of geodetic marks on the ground.
- Registration information about the territory.
2. Survey at the place of preservation of geodetic marks and landmarks. Measurement of the site by any professional method, registration of remarkable objects.
The method of shooting the terrain can be:
- Geodesic.
- From the satellite.
- Cartometric.
- Aerial photography.
- Photogrammetric.
3. Creating a site plan. The boundaries are unambiguous and understandable.
Artist selection
Drawing up a map (plan) of the land management object, the form of which will correspond to the requirements of the registry, is a painstaking business requiring special knowledge. To transfer this document to the USRN, only an electronic form of the document is allowed, therefore, a computer is required.
The cadastral engineer as an individual entrepreneur and legal entity is entitled to carry out all work on the preparation of land management documentation. The contract must list all types of work envisaged. The estimate calculated on the basis of this entry is presented to the customer. She along with the terms of reference are attached to the contract. The filing of an application with the registry authority to obtain the desired service can be entrusted to the cadastral engineer. In case of changing the boundaries of the measured site or adjacent to it (this should be recorded in the registry authorities) it is necessary to coordinate.
The situation is discussed with all copyright holders related to part of the changed border. It is possible to coordinate with representatives of copyright holders having notarized power of attorney. The results of the agreement are introduced by the cadastral engineer on the reverse side of the boundary plan. The record is certified by the signatures of all participants in the approval. An example of a map-plan of a land management object is shown in the photo below.
The plan should also include the conclusion of the cadastral engineer who carried out the work, his signature, number and seal.
The location of the borders shall be recognized as correct provided that the properly informed copyright holders or their legal representatives did not timely explain the reasoned claims in writing. This situation is stated in the act of coordination. If agreement was reached after the card (plan) was drawn up, a second act is drawn up on the back of the newly prepared drawing. Non-contracting parties are required to go to court.
The boundary plan and the map (plan) of the land management object are certified by an enhanced electronic digital signature (EDS) of the executor. EDS may be needed by many citizens, even those who do not have daily touch on documentation. Such a signature is bought at a specialized center. Their list is available on the website of Rosreestr, in the branches of the multifunctional center. If the land plot is not intended for purchase and sale and the card (plan) is not submitted to the registry authority, the work may be executed on paper.
Registry Services
Some functions of this body have already been mentioned. Improving the software gave him the opportunity to expand the list of services. Ordering an electronic service is quick and easy. On the main page of the portal there is a section "Electronic Services". Clicking on its name opens a page listing the options. It offers the following services:
- Real estate market monitoring.
- Queuing for an appointment.
- Checking the stage of application execution.
- Obtaining statements about the characteristics of real estate.
- Obtaining information on the form of ownership of the property.
- Information about the encumbrances borne by the object of interest.
- Data on the cadastral value of the property.
- Calculation of the amount of tax.
- Cadastral registration.
By filling out the form you need to pay for the service. Within five days, the documents will be delivered to the place indicated in the application. An electronic document can be obtained as a link, and a paper version - by mail, in the registry office or in a multifunctional center. The electronic form of the document costs 2-5 times cheaper than paper.
A new service for lectures and seminars has been created. It is possible to call a specialist at the place of service. Such a trip on real estate issues is free for veterans and invalids of the Second World War, disabled people of groups I and II.
When the specialist leaves for the place of transaction, the participants should have all the documents in their hands. Otherwise, the service will not be provided. To avoid this situation, registry employees are previously available over the phone. They are required to advise the customer on the full package of required documents. Departure of a specialist, despite the high cost of services, is becoming an increasingly popular service.
Total
The unified state register of real estate, undoubtedly, is engaged in a very important matter. Compiling a single real estate information database for the whole country is a vital step. There are less and less white spots on the electronic cadastral map of Russia every year.
To order a map (plan) of the land management object and register with the cadastral register, you need to fill out a questionnaire in which you must inform:
- Will there be changes in the geometric parameters of the site.
- It is supposed to describe an object of natural or artificial origin.
- The application will be submitted in person, by registered letter (with the necessary documents attached) or online.
- Is there an act of coordination of the boundaries of the object.
- Whether there were boundary disputes.
- Is the plot an allotment on common property lands.
- Only part of the site or its entire territory will be described.
- The application is submitted by the owner, or his authorized representative.
- The applicant is a natural or legal person.
For specific answers, a different set of documents is generated to obtain a cadastral number.
The information provided in the article is important for ordinary citizens, millions of whom have to deal with issues related to real estate. Familiarization with this topic indicates the direction in which you need to move in order to solve the problem.