Currently, in industry, everyday life and other areas, a lot of substances are used, which, if improperly handled, pose a danger to human health and life. It is necessary to use and store them, observing certain established rules. In addition, dangerous goods must also be transported in compliance with appropriate safety measures.
In the latter case, compliance with the prescribed rules and regulations is especially important. After all, transportation in itself is a fairly responsible and complex process. The following classification of dangerous goods is provided in order to distribute them according to the degree of danger.
- Explosives and objects containing them belong to the first class.
- The second class is compressed gases, liquefied, cooled, dissolved under pressure. They are considered dangerous if the absolute vapor pressure is 300 kPa at a temperature of 50 g. on the celsius scale. For chilled ones, the critical temperature is from -50 gr.
- Flammable liquids, as well as mixtures thereof. In addition, these substances belong to the category of “dangerous goods” if the solution contains solid elements that emit vapors that can ignite (flash at 61 g in a closed crucible).
- Flammable substances (in addition to explosives), which during the transportation process can catch fire as a result of heating, friction, moisture absorption, independent chemical transformations, belong to the fourth class.
- Organic peroxides and oxidizing agents. They emit flammable oxygen. In addition, under certain conditions, interacting with other substances can cause a fire.
- Toxic substances. Substances that can cause infections and poisoning in humans are also classified as dangerous goods.
- Radioactive substances (with activity from 2 nCi / g).
- Caustic and corrosive. Everything that can cause damage to the respiratory tract, skin, eyes, is also considered a dangerous cargo. In addition, these are substances that cause rusting of metals, which can damage a vehicle, other cargo, etc.
- Substances that are not dangerous to humans and structures, but require careful and careful handling.
Such cargo can be transported by any
type of transport: rail, road, sea, air. Moreover, in each case, its own special rules are provided. For example, maritime transport of dangerous goods, both in bulk and in packaging, requires their labeling. It is permissible to use only high-quality packaging that can withstand loading and unloading processes. Cargo transported in bulk must be secured in such a way as to prevent its spontaneous movement.
These are just the basic rules. There are many more. In any case, dangerous goods should only be transported by personnel with qualifications of the appropriate level.
Summing up, we can say that the delivery of hazardous substances and items safe and sound without harming people, animals and property is possible only if all established safety measures and awareness of their classification are observed.